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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Health
  • Community-Based Participatory Research
  • Toxicology

Background:

  • An oil refinery air toxic release in 2015 prompted the Swinomish Indian Tribal Community (SITC) to investigate local air toxics exposure.
  • Community members initiated a study to understand their personal exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To measure personal exposure to PAHs among SITC members.
  • To evaluate community perceptions of air toxic data and participation in the study.
  • To raise awareness of ambient and indoor air pollution within the community.

Main Methods:

  • Community-based participatory research involving 32 SITC members over two sampling periods (March 2016, January 2017).
  • Personal exposure monitoring using wristband passive samplers analyzed for 62 PAHs via gas chromatography mass spectrometry.
  • Semi-structured interviews with volunteers to assess understanding and impact of study findings.

Main Results:

  • All volunteers were exposed to varying levels and types of PAHs, with higher exposures associated with burning candles, wood stoves, or propane heating.
  • While total PAHs (ΣPAH) were similar between sampling periods, the PAH composition differed, with more priority PAHs detected in January.
  • Seasonal differences in exposure to specific PAHs were observed among volunteers participating in both sampling events.

Conclusions:

  • The study increased community awareness of air pollution sources and personal exposure risks.
  • Individual data reports were valued for comparison, leading some participants to modify behaviors to reduce PAH exposure.
  • Despite limitations in pinpointing specific sources, the study successfully engaged the community in understanding local air toxics.