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Related Concept Videos

Diversity of Antigen Receptors01:28

Diversity of Antigen Receptors

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Antigen receptors are essential components of the immune system crucial in defending the body against foreign invaders. These receptors are present on the surface of B and T cells, enabling them to recognize antigens and mount an appropriate immune response.
Before encountering any antigen, lymphocytes express these receptors. On B cells, the antigen receptor is a membrane-bound antibody molecule called BCR; on T cells, it is a T cell receptor or TCR. B and T cell receptors are composed of two...
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Antigen Presenting Cells01:22

Antigen Presenting Cells

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The immune system is a complex network of cells and molecules that protects the body from foreign invaders. T cells, a type of white blood cell, play a crucial role in this process. They recognize and attack foreign substances, such as pathogens, that enter the body.
T cells require the help of antigen-presenting cells (APCs), which process foreign antigens into smaller fragments that can be recognized by T cells. These APCs are highly specialized cells that efficiently internalize antigens...
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Internal Receptors01:31

Internal Receptors

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Many cellular signals are hydrophilic and therefore cannot pass through the plasma membrane. However, small or hydrophobic signaling molecules can cross the hydrophobic core of the plasma membrane and bind to internal, or intracellular, receptors that reside within the cell. Many mammalian steroid hormones use this mechanism of cell signaling, as does nitric oxide (NO) gas.
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Types of Receptors: Cell Surface Receptors01:28

Types of Receptors: Cell Surface Receptors

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Cell-surface receptors, also known as transmembrane receptors, are cell surface, membrane-anchored (integral) proteins that bind to external ligand molecules. This type of receptor spans the plasma membrane and performs signal transduction, converting an extracellular signal into an intracellular signal. Ligands that interact with cell-surface receptors do not have to enter the cell that they affect. Cell-surface receptors are also called cell-specific proteins or markers because they are...
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Cell Specific Gene Expression01:58

Cell Specific Gene Expression

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Multicellular organisms contain a variety of structurally and functionally distinct cell types, but the DNA in all the cells originated from the same parent cells. The differences in the cells can be attributed to the differential gene expression. Liver cells, whose functions include detoxification of blood, production of bile to metabolize fats, and synthesis of proteins essential for metabolism, must express a specific set of genes to perform their functions. Gene expression also varies with...
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Updated: Jan 30, 2026

Manufacturing Chimeric Antigen Receptor CAR T Cells for Adoptive Immunotherapy
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Manufacturing Chimeric Antigen Receptor CAR T Cells for Adoptive Immunotherapy

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[CAR-T cells: Lymphocytes that express a chimeric antigen receptor].

C Chabannon1, R Bouabdallah2, S Fürst2

  • 1Institut Paoli-Calmettes (IPC), 13009 Marseille, France; Aix-Marseille Université, 13007 Marseille, France; Inserm, Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, 13009 Marseille, France; Inserm, Aix-Marseille Université, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, AP-HM, CBT-1409, centre d'Investigations Cliniques en Biothérapies, 13009 Marseille, France.

La Revue De Medecine Interne
|January 29, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Chimeric antigen receptor T-cell (CAR-T) therapy offers a novel treatment for certain cancers. This gene therapy requires specialized manufacturing, careful patient management, and raises questions about healthcare system sustainability due to high costs.

Keywords:
Acute leukemiaCellular therapyGene therapyImmunotherapyImmunothérapieLeucémies aiguësLymphomaLymphomesThérapie cellulaireThérapie génique

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Last Updated: Jan 30, 2026

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Gene Therapy
  • Immunotherapy

Background:

  • Chimeric antigen receptor T-cell (CAR-T) therapy represents a significant advancement in gene therapy medicinal products.
  • These therapies are engineered to target specific membrane antigens expressed on cancer cells, particularly B-cell lymphoid malignancies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the clinical efficacy, manufacturing, regulatory landscape, and economic implications of CAR-T cell therapies.
  • To highlight the challenges and considerations associated with the implementation of CAR-T cell treatments in clinical practice.

Main Methods:

  • Review of regulatory approvals (FDA, EMA) for CD19-targeted autologous CAR-T cells.
  • Analysis of clinical efficacy data for B-cell malignancies.
  • Discussion of manufacturing, supply chain, regulatory compliance, and patient management strategies.
  • Examination of the economic impact and reimbursement challenges of CAR-T therapies.

Main Results:

  • CAR-T cell therapies targeting CD19 have demonstrated clinical efficacy in B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, and chronic lymphocytic leukemia.
  • Manufacturing these personalized treatments requires a specialized supply chain and adherence to stringent regulatory requirements.
  • Significant side effects necessitate close interdisciplinary coordination for patient management.
  • The high cost of CAR-T therapies poses challenges to healthcare system sustainability.

Conclusions:

  • CAR-T cell therapy is a powerful, albeit complex, treatment modality for specific hematologic malignancies.
  • Successful implementation requires robust manufacturing, specialized patient care, and careful consideration of economic factors.
  • Ongoing evaluation of cost-effectiveness and long-term impact on healthcare systems is crucial.