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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 30, 2026

The Emotional Stroop Task: Assessing Cognitive Performance under Exposure to Emotional Content

The Emotional Stroop Task: Assessing Cognitive Performance under Exposure to Emotional Content

Published on: June 29, 2016

Differences in Cognitive-Motor Interference in Older Adults While Walking and Performing a Visual-Verbal Stroop Task.

Bettina Wollesen¹, Claudia Voelcker-Rehage²

¹Department of Human Science, Faculty of Psychology and Movement Science, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany.

Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience

|January 29, 2019

Summary

Older adults show varied responses to dual-task walking, with physical function improving performance and fear of falling hindering it. Functional age, not just chronological age, impacts dual-task costs.

Keywords:

aging cognition concerns of falling dual task performance mental health physical functioning walking

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Area of Science:

Gerontology
Neuroscience
Biomechanics

Background:

Dual-task (DT) studies on age-related cognitive-motor interference (CMI) yield inconsistent results regarding dual-task costs (DTCs).
Understanding factors influencing DTCs in older adults is crucial for mobility and fall prevention.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate how demographics, physical functioning, concerns of falling (CoF), and mental factors explain positive and negative DTCs in older adults during DT walking.
To identify predictors of performance variations in DT situations.

Main Methods:

A cross-sectional study involving 222 participants (57-89 years) performing single-task (ST) and DT walking (visual-verbal Stroop).
Gait parameters (step length, step width) were measured on a treadmill.
Hierarchical regression analysis was used to determine factors influencing DTCs, alongside ANOVA for subgroup comparisons.

Main Results:

Three subgroups emerged: positive DTCs (n=53), negative DTCs (n=60), and non-uniform DTCs (n=109).
Significant differences in age were found between subgroups.
Physical functioning positively correlated with positive DTCs, while concerns of falling (CoF) correlated with negative DTCs.

Conclusions:

There is substantial inter-individual variability in older adults' DT performance.
Functional age, rather than chronological age, appears to be a key determinant of DTCs.
Psychological factors, particularly CoF, significantly impact DT walking performance negatively.