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Environmental Pollutants Effect on Brown Adipose Tissue.

Ilaria Di Gregorio1, Rosa Anna Busiello1, Mario Alberto Burgos Aceves1

  • 1Department of Chemistry and Biology "A. Zambelli", University of Salerno, Fisciano, Italy.

Frontiers in Physiology
|January 29, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Environmental pollutants impact brown adipose tissue (BAT) function, influencing obesity risk. Some pollutants increase obesity by impairing BAT, while others, like PFOS/PFOA, reduce obesity by enhancing BAT activity.

Keywords:
air pollutantsbrown adipocytesdichlorodiphenylethylene (DDE)dichlorodiphenyltrichoroethane (DDT)metabolic disordersobesityperfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS)perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA)

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental science
  • Metabolic health
  • Endocrinology

Background:

  • Brown adipose tissue (BAT) is crucial for thermogenesis and metabolic health, offering resistance to obesity.
  • Environmental pollutants are increasingly recognized for their potential to disrupt energy homeostasis and influence obesity development.
  • Understanding the interplay between environmental factors and BAT function is vital for metabolic disease research.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the regulatory role of brown adipose tissue (BAT) function in the context of environmental pollutant effects on body energy metabolism.
  • To analyze how various environmental pollutants, including endocrine disruptors, impact BAT mass, function, and thermogenic capacity.
  • To synthesize findings from animal models to elucidate cellular mechanisms underlying pollutant-induced metabolic alterations.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review focusing on animal model studies examining environmental pollutant effects on BAT.
  • Analysis of studies investigating specific pollutants like DDT, DDE, traffic pollutants, PFOS, and PFOA.
  • Evaluation of data on BAT mass, UCP1 expression, thermogenesis, substrate utilization, and mitochondrial function.

Main Results:

  • Endocrine disruptors (EDCs) such as DDT and DDE, and traffic pollutants, are linked to increased obesity risk by impairing BAT mass and function.
  • Perinatal DDT exposure negatively affects BAT thermogenesis and substrate utilization, heightening metabolic syndrome susceptibility.
  • Perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) and perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) showed an inverse association with obesity, reducing body weight and adipose mass via UCP1 upregulation and enhanced mitochondrial oxidative capacity.

Conclusions:

  • Environmental pollutants differentially regulate BAT function, with some contributing to obesity and others offering protection.
  • EDCs impair BAT function, promoting metabolic disorders, while certain perfluorinated compounds may have anti-obesogenic effects.
  • Further research is essential to clarify BAT's role in human response to diverse environmental pollutants and confirm findings across species.