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Elevated Serum Growth Differentiation Factor 15 Levels in Hyperthyroid Patients.

Jiejie Zhao1, Min Li1, Ying Chen1

  • 1Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Fudan Institute of Metabolic Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.

Frontiers in Endocrinology
|January 29, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Elevated growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF15) levels are linked to hyperthyroidism in humans. Thyroid hormone treatment reduced GDF15 and increased its gene expression in mice, highlighting GDF15

Keywords:
brown adipose tissuecytokinegrowth differentiation factor 15hyperthyroidismthyroid hormone

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Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Metabolic Research

Background:

  • Growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF15) is implicated in appetite, type 2 diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases.
  • Thyroid hormones exert widespread effects on whole-body energy metabolism.
  • The relationship between thyroid hormone status and circulating GDF15 levels requires further elucidation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of thyroid hormone on serum GDF15 levels in human hyperthyroid patients.
  • To examine the effect of thyroid hormone on GDF15 gene expression in mice.
  • To explore the clinical relevance of GDF15 in hyperthyroidism.

Main Methods:

  • Serum GDF15 levels were measured using ELISA in 134 hyperthyroid patients and 105 healthy controls.
  • Hyperthyroid patients underwent 3-month thionamide treatment to achieve euthyroidism.
  • C57BL/6 mice received T3 treatment to assess GDF15 gene expression in various tissues (liver, muscle, adipose tissue) via quantitative real-time PCR.

Main Results:

  • Serum GDF15 levels were significantly higher in hyperthyroid patients compared to healthy subjects (326.06 ± 124.13 vs. 169.24 ± 82.96 pg/mL, P < 0.001).
  • Thionamide treatment led to a significant reduction in GDF15 levels in hyperthyroid patients (293.27 ± 119.49 to 118.10 ± 71.83 pg/mL, P < 0.001).
  • T3 administration upregulated GDF15 gene expression in the brown adipose tissue of mice.

Conclusions:

  • Serum GDF15 levels are elevated in hyperthyroidism and decrease upon treatment.
  • Thyroid hormone influences GDF15 expression, particularly in brown adipose tissue.
  • GDF15 holds clinical significance in the context of human hyperthyroidism.