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The endocrine system produces and secretes hormones, which interact with the skeletal system. These hormones control bone growth, maintain bone once it is formed, and remodel it.
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The renin-aldosterone system is an endocrine system which guides the renal absorption of water and electrolytes, thus managing blood pressure and osmoregulation. Activation of the system begins in the kidneys with a small cluster of cells adjacent to the afferent and efferent blood vessels of the renal corpuscle. As the nephrons are filtering blood, juxtaglomerular cells monitor blood pressure. If they detect a decrease in pressure, they release the hormone renin into the bloodstream.
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Osteocalcin-A Versatile Bone-Derived Hormone.

Sarah C Moser1, Bram C J van der Eerden1

  • 1Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands.

Frontiers in Endocrinology
|January 29, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Bone is an endocrine organ that secretes osteocalcin, a hormone influencing glucose balance, exercise, brain function, and male fertility. This review explores osteocalcin

Keywords:
bonecognitionendocrine regulationenergy metabolismexercisefertilityosteoblastsosteocalcin

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Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Bone Biology
  • Metabolic Physiology

Background:

  • Traditionally viewed as static, bone is now recognized for its endocrine functions.
  • Osteoblasts secrete hormones, including osteocalcin, impacting systemic physiology.
  • Osteocalcin's roles extend beyond bone metabolism to systemic regulation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the known physiological roles of osteocalcin.
  • To elucidate the mechanisms underlying osteocalcin's functions.
  • To discuss the translation of osteocalcin research into clinical applications.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies on osteocalcin.
  • Analysis of research on osteocalcin's mechanisms of action.
  • Discussion of clinical translation efforts.

Main Results:

  • Osteocalcin regulates glucose homeostasis and exercise capacity.
  • Osteocalcin influences brain development, cognition, and male fertility.
  • Osteocalcin's effects are mediated through endocrine pathways distinct from bone mineralization.

Conclusions:

  • Osteocalcin is a key endocrine hormone with diverse systemic functions.
  • Further research aims to harness osteocalcin for therapeutic interventions.
  • Translating osteocalcin's roles into clinical practice is an active area of investigation.