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Tumor Immunotherapy

Tumor Immunotherapy

Immunotherapy is a treatment that boosts or manipulates the immune system to fight diseases, including cancer. For instance, by stimulating an immune response through vaccinations against viruses that cause cancers, like hepatitis B virus and human papillomavirus, these diseases can be prevented. Nonetheless, some cancer cells can avoid the immune system due to their rapid mutation and division. The immune response to many cancers involves three phases: elimination, equilibrium, and escape.

Cancer

Cancer

Cancers arise due to mutations in genes involved in the regulation of cell division, which leads to unrestricted cell proliferation. Modern science and medicine have made great strides in the understanding and treatment of cancer, including eradicating cancer in some patients. However, there is still no cure for cancer. This is largely due to the fact that cancer is a large group of many diseases.

What is Cancer?

What is Cancer?

Cells and tissues must meticulously coordinate their activities for the normal functioning of the human body. Therefore, they exhibit socially responsible behavior - resting, growing, dividing, differentiating, or dying - for the organism’s benefit. Cancer arises when cells divide uncontrollably and invade other tissues or organs.
Although people have known about cancer for centuries, it was only in 1761 that Giovanni Morgagni of Padua performed a detailed autopsy of...

Cancer Prevention

Cancer Prevention

Several factors can increase the risk of cancer in an individual. About 50% of cancer cases can be prevented by adopting a healthy lifestyle, regular exercise, eating healthy, and following a modest cancer prevention diet. Epidemiological studies have consistently shown that populations with vegetable and fruit-rich diets have reduced the incidence of cancer. On the other hand, populations who have a diet rich in animal fat, red meat, junk food, or high calories are predisposed to cancer.
Some...

Cancer Therapies

Cancer Therapies

Cancer therapies are various modes of treatment, such as surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy that are administered to cancer patients.
However, cancer treatments can pose several challenges, as therapies used to kill cancer cells are generally also toxic to normal cells. Moreover, cancer cells mutate rapidly and can develop resistance to chemical agents or radiation therapy. Besides, all types of cancer cells may not respond to the same therapy. Some cancer cells respond to one...

Cancer Vaccines

Cancer Vaccines

Cancer treatment vaccines are a rapidly evolving field that offers a promising approach to immunotherapy. Unlike traditional vaccines that prevent diseases, cancer treatment vaccines are designed to treat existing cancers by stimulating the immune system to recognize and attack cancer cells.
Cancer vaccines come in two categories: preventive (prophylactic) and treatment (active). Preventive vaccines, such as the Human Papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine, protect against viruses that cause certain...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 30, 2026

Manufacturing Chimeric Antigen Receptor CAR T Cells for Adoptive Immunotherapy

Manufacturing Chimeric Antigen Receptor CAR T Cells for Adoptive Immunotherapy

Published on: December 17, 2019

Recent updates on cancer immunotherapy.

Ming Liu¹, Fukun Guo²

¹Department of Medical Oncology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China.

Precision Clinical Medicine

|January 29, 2019

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Cancer immunotherapy harnesses the immune system to fight cancer, offering personalized treatments like checkpoint inhibitors, engineered T cells, and cancer vaccines. This review covers advancements in these precise, personalized cancer therapy strategies.

Keywords:

cancer immune evasion immunotherapy

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Manufacturing Chimeric Antigen Receptor CAR T Cells for Adoptive Immunotherapy

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Published on: December 17, 2019

Preparation of Tumor Antigen-loaded Mature Dendritic Cells for Immunotherapy

Preparation of Tumor Antigen-loaded Mature Dendritic Cells for Immunotherapy

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Experimental Metastasis and CTL Adoptive Transfer Immunotherapy Mouse Model

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Published on: November 26, 2010

Area of Science:

Oncology
Immunology
Precision Medicine

Background:

Traditional cancer treatments (surgery, radiation, chemotherapy) often lack specificity.
Cancer immunotherapy represents a significant advancement, leveraging the immune system to combat cancer.
Immunotherapy exemplifies precision medicine through targeted approaches.

Purpose of the Study:

To review and highlight recent advancements in various cancer immunotherapy strategies.
To provide an overview of precision and personalized medicine in cancer treatment.

Main Methods:

Literature review of current immunotherapy strategies.
Focus on immune checkpoint inhibitors, engineered T cells (TILs, TCR T, CAR T), and cancer vaccines.
Discussion of personalized medicine aspects, including patient-derived cells and oncolytic viruses.

Main Results:

Immune checkpoint inhibitors offer targeted blockade of immune suppressive pathways.
Engineered T cell therapies (TILs, TCR T, CAR T) demonstrate specific tumor cell killing via antigen recognition.
Personalized cancer vaccines utilize patient-derived materials (dendritic cells, DNA, RNA) or oncolytic viruses for tailored immune responses.

Conclusions:

Cancer immunotherapy strategies are evolving towards highly precise and personalized treatments.
Advancements in immunotherapy offer new hope for effective cancer treatment with improved specificity.
The review underscores the growing importance of immunotherapy in modern oncology.