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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 30, 2026

Using Gold-standard Gait Analysis Methods to Assess Experience Effects on Lower-limb Mechanics During Moderate High-heeled Jogging and Running
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Segment Coordination Variability Differs by Years of Running Experience.

Jocelyn F Hafer1, Jillian Peacock1, Ronald F Zernicke1,2,3

  • 1Michigan Performance Research Laboratory, School of Kinesiology, Ann Arbor, MI.

Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise
|January 29, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Less-experienced runners exhibit lower segment coordination variability compared to more-experienced runners. This finding suggests movement pattern flexibility may be key for injury prevention in novice runners.

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Area of Science:

  • Biomechanics
  • Sports Medicine
  • Motor Control

Background:

  • Running is a popular activity with high overuse injury rates, particularly among less-experienced runners.
  • While joint kinematics and kinetics are studied, differences in segment coordination and variability across running experience levels remain less understood.
  • Understanding motor skill development in running may explain decreased injury incidence with experience.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate differences in segment coordination and coordination variability between less-experienced and more-experienced runners.
  • To determine if less-experienced runners display reduced coordination variability.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective analysis of 20 more-experienced (≥10 years) and 21 less-experienced (≤2 years) runners.
  • Calculation of sagittal thigh-shank and shank-foot segment coordination and variability using modified vector coding.
  • Comparison of coordination and variability during specific running phases (terminal swing, early, mid, late stance).

Main Results:

  • Segment coordination patterns were similar between less- and more-experienced runners.
  • Less-experienced runners demonstrated significantly lower segment coordination variability in both thigh-shank and shank-foot couples.
  • This reduced variability was primarily observed during the early and mid-stance phases of running.

Conclusions:

  • Runners develop stable coordination patterns within approximately two years of consistent running.
  • Despite stable patterns, less-experienced runners show lower coordination variability compared to those with over ten years of experience.
  • Assessing movement pattern flexibility may offer valuable insights for injury prevention and treatment strategies in novice runners.