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Updated: Jan 30, 2026

Assessment of Calcium Sparks in Intact Skeletal Muscle Fibers
Published on: February 24, 2014
50 years of research sparked by Atkinson and Shiffrin (1968)
Kenneth J Malmberg1, Jeroen G W Raaijmakers2, Richard M Shiffrin3
1Department of Psychology, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA. malmberg@usf.edu.
Abstract:
In this article we review the framework proposed in 1968 by Atkinson and Shiffrin. We discuss the prior context that led to its production, including the advent of cognitive and mathematical modeling, its principal concepts, the subsequent refinements and elaborations that followed, and the way that the framework influenced other researchers to test the ideas and, in some cases, propose alternatives. The article illustrates the large amount of research and the large number of memory models that were directly influenced by this chapter over the past 50 years.
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