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Related Concept Videos

Drug Discovery: Overview01:26

Drug Discovery: Overview

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Drug discovery is a multifaceted process involving extensive screening, testing, and optimization of lead compounds to identify potential new drugs for therapeutic use. It combines several approaches, including screening large numbers of natural products, chemical modification of known active molecules, identification of new drug targets, and rational design based on biological mechanisms and drug-receptor structure. These approaches are carried out in both academic research laboratories and...
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Exocrine Glands: Unicellular and Multicellular Glands01:29

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Exocrine glands are classified as unicellular and multicellular. The unicellular glands are scattered single cells, such as goblet cells, found in the mucous membranes of the small and large intestines. On the other hand, multicellular exocrine glands develop as secretory sheets, like the internal lining of the abdomen or chest. Such secretory sheets release their secretions directly into the lumen of these organs. In addition, some multicellular glands have deep-seated secretory units to...
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In Vitro Drug Dissolution: Compendial Testing Models I01:13

In Vitro Drug Dissolution: Compendial Testing Models I

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Compendial dissolution methods are standardized procedures defined by pharmacopeias to evaluate the rate at which a drug dissolves in a specific medium. These methods ensure batch-to-batch consistency, enable quality control, and support the prediction of drug bioavailability. They are critical for both immediate and modified-release drug products.The apparatuses used for dissolution testing differ in their design and mechanical function, but all aim to simulate the physiological environment of...
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In Vitro Drug Dissolution: Compendial Testing Models II01:09

In Vitro Drug Dissolution: Compendial Testing Models II

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Various dissolution methods are utilized to assess a drug’s dissolution rate, including the flow-through cell, paddle-over-disk, cylinder, and reciprocating disk methods.The flow-through cell apparatus (USP (United States Pharmacopeia) method 4) comprises a reservoir for the dissolution medium and a pump that propels the medium through the cell containing the test sample. This method is crucial for assessing modified-release dosage forms with minimally soluble active ingredients,...
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Pharmacokinetics: Drug–Drug Interactions01:25

Pharmacokinetics: Drug–Drug Interactions

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Drug interactions occur when the pharmacological effect of one drug is altered by another substance, either enhancing or diminishing its activity. The drug whose activity is altered is known as the object drug, and the substance causing the alteration is called the agent drug or the precipitant. The net effects of these interactions are mostly undesirable, leading to decreased effectiveness or increased adverse effects. In rare cases, interactions can be beneficial, such as the enhanced...
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Drug Distribution as One-Compartment Model and Elimination by Nonlinear Pharmacokinetics: Overview01:25

Drug Distribution as One-Compartment Model and Elimination by Nonlinear Pharmacokinetics: Overview

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Drug administration can occur through various routes, each of which may result in a different process of elimination. This process is often mixed with nonlinear and linear processes. It's important to understand that a single drug can be metabolized into different metabolites through parallel processes.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 30, 2026

A Novel Stromal Fibroblast-Modulated 3D Tumor Spheroid Model for Studying Tumor-Stroma Interaction and Drug Discovery
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Anticancer drug discovery using multicellular tumor spheroid models.

Michele Zanoni1, Sara Pignatta1, Chiara Arienti1

  • 1a Biosciences Laboratory , Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS , Meldola , Italy.

Expert Opinion on Drug Discovery
|January 29, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Three-dimensional (3D) tumor models offer a more realistic in vitro drug screening platform than traditional 2D cultures. While promising for cancer drug discovery, their predictive capacity requires further enhancement with advanced technologies.

Keywords:
3D modelsAnticancer drug discoveryhigh throughput assaypreclinical drug evaluationtumor spheroids

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Drug Discovery
  • Biotechnology

Background:

  • Advanced cancers remain incurable despite significant investment in research.
  • Traditional 2D cell cultures do not fully replicate tumor complexity.
  • Three-dimensional (3D) tumor models offer a more biologically relevant in vitro system.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review techniques for generating tumor spheroids.
  • To discuss current and future applications of 3D tumor models in drug discovery.
  • To highlight the potential of 3D models in improving anticancer drug approval rates.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of PubMed-indexed articles.
  • Focus on techniques for generating tumor spheroids.
  • Analysis of current and future applications in drug discovery.

Main Results:

  • 3D tumor models, such as spheroids, better mimic tumor architecture and cellular gradients than 2D cultures.
  • These models provide a more accurate in vitro environment for drug screening.
  • The review covers spheroid generation techniques and their utility in drug discovery.

Conclusions:

  • 3D tumor models show promise for enhancing anticancer drug discovery and clinical translation.
  • Caution is advised against overestimating the predictive power of current spheroid models.
  • Future advancements require integrating co-culture, high-content imaging, and microfluidics to improve biomimicry and readout accuracy.