Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Forgetting

Forgetting

Forgetting is an intrinsic aspect of human memory, characterized by the gradual loss or inaccessibility of information over time. Hermann Ebbinghaus, a pioneering psychologist, extensively studied this phenomenon and formulated the forgetting curve. This curve illustrates that memory loss occurs rapidly immediately after learning and then decelerates over time. Several mechanisms contribute to forgetting, including encoding failure, storage decay, retrieval failure, and interference.
Encoding...

The Evidence for Evolution

The Evidence for Evolution

Genetic variations accumulating within populations over generations give rise to biological evolution. Evolutionary changes can result in the formation of novel varieties and entire new species. These changes are responsible for the diverse forms of life inhabiting the planet. The evidence for evolution suggests that all living organisms descended from common ancestors.

The Tree of Life - Bacteria, Archaea, Eukaryotes

The Tree of Life - Bacteria, Archaea, Eukaryotes

The “tree of life” describes the evolution of life and the evolutionary relationships between organisms. The root of the tree is the common ancestor to all life on Earth. All other species radiate from this point, much like the branches of a tree. The numerous tips of these branches on the tree of life represent every living, or extant, species. Extinct species, which are species that no longer exist, can be found towards the center of the tree. Currently, these organisms, both...

Survival Tree

Survival Tree

Survival trees are a non-parametric method used in survival analysis to model the relationship between a set of covariates and the time until an event of interest occurs, often referred to as the "time-to-event" or "survival time." This method is particularly useful when dealing with censored data, where the event has not occurred for some individuals by the end of the study period, or when the exact time of the event is unknown.
Building a Survival Tree
Constructing a...

Phylogenetic Trees

Phylogenetic Trees

Phylogenetic trees come in many forms. It matters in which sequence the organisms are arranged from the bottom to the top of the tree, but the branches can rotate at their nodes without altering the information. The lines connecting individual nodes can be straight, angled, or even curved.

The Bronchial Tree

The Bronchial Tree

The human bronchi and bronchial tree play a crucial role in the respiratory system, facilitating the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide. Let's delve into the intricate structure and functions of these respiratory components.
The trachea, commonly known as the windpipe, is a tube that connects the larynx (voice box) to the bronchi. At a point called the carina, it bifurcates into two primary bronchi. The right primary bronchus is wider, shorter, and more vertical than the left primary...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Efficacy of 3D-printed bone graft container in the treatment of tibial plateau fractures and postoperative rehabilitation prediction model.

BMC surgery·2026

Same author

Strain-induced fully coherent triphase nanoarchitecture in refractory high-entropy alloys.

Science (New York, N.Y.)·2026

Same author

Gastric cancer-secreted galectin-1 promotes peritoneal mesothelial-mesenchymal transition to prime peritoneal metastasis soil.

iScience·2026

Same author

Monocular Visual Pose Estimation Method Based on Spherical Cooperative Target.

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)·2026

Same author

Development of a Phase 1 Cryptosporidiosis Controlled Human Challenge Model in Healthy Volunteers Using Current Good Manufacturing Practice Cryptosporidium Parvum Oocysts and Conducted Under an Investigational New Drug Application.

The Journal of infectious diseases·2026

Same author

The Wear Resistance of Reinforced Coatings Fabricated by Three Different Processes on High-Density Tungsten Alloy.

Materials (Basel, Switzerland)·2026

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 30, 2026

A Venturi Effect Can Help Cure Our Trees

A Venturi Effect Can Help Cure Our Trees

Published on: October 1, 2013

Can self-referential information improve directed forgetting? Evidence from a multinomial processing tree model.

Runzhou Wang¹, Yaowu Song¹, Xiaojun Zhao¹

¹School of Education, Hebei University, Baoding, China.

|January 29, 2019

Summary

Self-referential processing enhances memory and influences directed forgetting (DF). Both self and other references cause DF, with self-reference showing a stronger effect, especially in implicit memory conditions.

More Related Videos

Development of an Individual-Tree Basal Area Increment Model using a Linear Mixed-Effects Approach

Development of an Individual-Tree Basal Area Increment Model using a Linear Mixed-Effects Approach

Published on: July 3, 2020

Direct Intrabronchial Administration to Improve the Selective Agent Deposition Within the Mouse Lung

Direct Intrabronchial Administration to Improve the Selective Agent Deposition Within the Mouse Lung

Published on: May 20, 2019

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jan 30, 2026

A Venturi Effect Can Help Cure Our Trees

A Venturi Effect Can Help Cure Our Trees

Published on: October 1, 2013

Development of an Individual-Tree Basal Area Increment Model using a Linear Mixed-Effects Approach

Development of an Individual-Tree Basal Area Increment Model using a Linear Mixed-Effects Approach

Published on: July 3, 2020

Direct Intrabronchial Administration to Improve the Selective Agent Deposition Within the Mouse Lung

Direct Intrabronchial Administration to Improve the Selective Agent Deposition Within the Mouse Lung

Published on: May 20, 2019

Area of Science:

Cognitive Psychology
Neuroscience

Background:

Self-referential processing is known to improve memory recall.
The impact of self-referential processing on directed forgetting (DF) remains debated.
Understanding the psychological mechanisms of DF under different referential conditions is crucial.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the directed forgetting (DF) effect under explicit and implicit self-referential and other-referential conditions.
To explore the underlying psychological mechanisms of the DF effect using the storage-retrieval MPT model.
To compare the magnitude of the DF effect between self-referential and other-referential processing.

Main Methods:

Utilized the item-method directed forgetting (DF) paradigm.
Employed the storage-retrieval MPT model to analyze memory processes.
Conducted two experiments manipulating explicit and implicit referential conditions (self vs. other).

Main Results:

The item-method DF effect arises from a combination of selective rehearsal and retrieval inhibition mechanisms.
Both self-reference and other-reference induced DF under both explicit and implicit processing.
The DF effect was more pronounced under self-referential conditions compared to other-referential conditions.
Implicit self-referential processing demonstrated a stronger memory advantage than explicit self-referential processing.

Conclusions:

Directed forgetting (DF) is mediated by selective rehearsal and retrieval inhibition.
Self-referential processing amplifies the directed forgetting (DF) effect.
Implicit self-referential processing yields a greater memory benefit than explicit self-referential processing.