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Unpredictable walking terrain increases prefrontal cortex (PFC) activity and decreases gait stability. This suggests continuous neural adjustments are needed for adapting to unexpected environmental challenges during locomotion.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Biomechanics
  • Human Motor Control

Background:

  • Complex walking, such as dual-tasking, is linked to increased prefrontal cortex (PFC) activity.
  • Existing research often uses predictable walking environments, neglecting the impact of unpredictable terrain.
  • This study examines PFC activity during walking on unexpected, unstable surfaces, creating a sensory mismatch.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine if prefrontal cortex (PFC) activity is elevated during unstable, unpredictable walking compared to unstable, predictable walking.
  • To investigate the neural mechanisms underlying gait adaptation to unpredictable environmental conditions.

Main Methods:

  • Twenty healthy adults participated in a prospective study.
  • Participants walked under two conditions: unstable-predictable and unstable-unpredictable terrain.
  • Prefrontal cortex (PFC) activity was measured using wireless near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS), and walking stability was assessed via stride-time (ST) and stride-time variability (CV).

Main Results:

  • Unpredictable walking significantly increased stride-time variability (CV) but did not alter stride-time (ST).
  • While initial PFC activity (per-initiation) was similar across conditions, continuous PFC activity during steady-state walking was significantly higher in the unpredictable condition.
  • This increased PFC activity correlated with decreased walking stability.

Conclusions:

  • Gait control involves at least two neural components: a brief, per-initiation response and a continuous response sensitive to terrain predictability.
  • Unpredictable walking conditions necessitate continuous neural adjustments, impacting gait stability.
  • Findings enhance understanding of gait control mechanisms and inform future rehabilitation strategies for gait disorders.