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Related Concept Videos

Mass Spectrometry: Complex Analysis01:21

Mass Spectrometry: Complex Analysis

1.8K
Mass spectrometry is an important technique for the identification of pure compounds. However, it has some limitations for the analysis of complex mixtures, often due to excessive fragmentation making the spectrum too complicated to decipher. Mass spectrometry can be combined with suitable separation methods in sequence, forming hyphenated methods, which are useful in the analysis of complex mixtures.
GC–MS is a powerful hyphenated method commonly used in forensics and environmental...
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Complexation Equilibria: Factors Influencing Stability of Complexes01:09

Complexation Equilibria: Factors Influencing Stability of Complexes

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In complexation reactions, metal cations are the electron pair acceptors, and the ligands are the electron pair donors. The stability of the metal complexes depends primarily on the complexing ability of the central metal ion and the nature of the ligands. Generally, the complexing ability of the metal ion depends on the size and charge of the ion. As the metal ion size increases, the stability of the metal complexes decreases, provided that the valency of the metal ion and the ligands remain...
843
Mass Spectrometry: Overview01:19

Mass Spectrometry: Overview

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Mass spectrometry is an analytical technique used to determine the molecular mass and molecular formula of a compound. The basic principle of mass spectrometry is to generate ions from the analyte molecule and measure these ion abundances against their molecular mass. One common type of ionization, known as electron ionization or EI, bombards the analyte molecules in the gas phase with high-energy electron beams. The electron beams displace an electron from the molecule and leave behind a...
8.8K
Tandem Mass Spectrometry01:21

Tandem Mass Spectrometry

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Tandem mass spectrometry is a technique that uses multiple mass analyzers in series to obtain a higher selectivity and reduce chemical noise during analyte detection. Instruments with multiple analyzers separated by an interaction cell enable secondary fragmentation and selected study of the fragment ions.Secondary fragmentations occur in the interaction cell and can be induced by various factors. Fragmentation induced by collision with inert gases, such as N2, Ar, He, etc., is called...
2.5K
Mass Spectrometry of Amines01:15

Mass Spectrometry of Amines

5.4K
In mass spectroscopy, amines undergo fragmentation to give parent ions with odd molecule weights. This observed mass spectrum follows the nitrogen rule; a molecule with an odd number of nitrogen atoms produces a molecular ion with an odd molecular weight. Amines undergo fragmentation through α cleavage, producing nitrogen-containing cations—iminium ions—and alkyl radicals. Mass spectra of aromatic and cyclic aliphatic amines exhibit strong molecular ion peaks, but acyclic...
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Mass Spectrometry: Isotope Effect01:13

Mass Spectrometry: Isotope Effect

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Most elements exist in nature as a mixture of isotopes. The isotopes differ in weight due to their respective number of neutrons. The molecular weight of a molecule is different depending on the specific isotope of its elements involved. As a result, the mass spectrum of the molecule exhibits peaks from the same fragment at multiple positions. The positions of these mass signals depend on the mass differences between isotopes. Furthermore, the intensity of these signals is dependent on the...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 30, 2026

Resolving Affinity Purified Protein Complexes by Blue Native PAGE and Protein Correlation Profiling
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Resolving Affinity Purified Protein Complexes by Blue Native PAGE and Protein Correlation Profiling

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Probing Cascade complex composition and stability using native mass spectrometry techniques.

Angela Patterson1, Monika Tokmina-Lukaszewska1, Brian Bothner1

  • 1Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, United States.

Methods in Enzymology
|January 30, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study details methods for analyzing the CRISPR-Cas Type IE system, Cascade, revealing its structure and mechanism. Understanding these details aids in engineering CRISPR systems for gene editing applications.

Keywords:
CRISPR interferenceCascadeIntact protein analysisIntact protein hydrogen–deuterium exchangeIon mobility mass spectrometryNative mass spectrometryNoncovalent mass spectrometryType IE CRISPR complexes

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Last Updated: Jan 30, 2026

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Analyzing Protein Architectures and Protein-Ligand Complexes by Integrative Structural Mass Spectrometry
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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Biochemistry
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Prokaryotic adaptive immunity utilizes CRISPR-Cas systems for defense against foreign genetic elements.
  • CRISPR-Cas systems, particularly their specific nucleases, are being adapted for gene editing in eukaryotic cells.
  • Detailed mechanistic understanding of CRISPR-Cas systems is crucial for their engineering and application.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To present two methods for studying the structure and mechanism of the Type IE CRISPR-Cas system, Cascade, from Escherichia coli.
  • To facilitate the engineering and application of CRISPR-Cas systems in gene editing.

Main Methods:

  • Native mass spectrometry to analyze protein complex composition, architecture, and subunit interactions without disrupting noncovalent bonds.
  • Intact protein hydrogen-deuterium exchange mass spectrometry to assess conformational stability and substrate-binding effects.

Main Results:

  • Native mass spectrometry successfully determined the composition and architecture of the Cascade complex.
  • Hydrogen-deuterium exchange mass spectrometry provided insights into the conformational stability of the Cascade complex.
  • These methods allow for the investigation of solution-phase structure, stability, and dynamics.

Conclusions:

  • The presented methods enhance the understanding of the Type IE CRISPR-Cas system's mechanism.
  • Improved mechanistic insights facilitate engineered adjustments to CRISPR-Cas system function and utility.
  • This research supports the advancement of CRISPR-based gene editing technologies.