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Related Concept Videos

Autophagy01:27

Autophagy

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Autophagy is a self-digesting process by which a cell protects itself from threats both within and outside the cell, ranging from abnormal proteins to invading bacteria. In this process, obsolete components of the cell and invading microbes are degraded by hydrolytic enzymes active in an acidic environment of the lysosomal lumen.
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Aging01:26

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Aging is a complex biological phenomenon influenced by various processes that affect cellular and systemic functions. Several prominent theories attempt to explain its mechanisms, highlighting cellular limitations, oxidative damage, and hormonal changes as central factors in aging.
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The Effect of Aging on Tissues01:19

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Several body functions deteriorate with age. The external signs of aging are easily identifiable. For example, the skin becomes dry, less elastic, and thins out, forming wrinkles. The skin of the face begins to appear looser due to a decrease in the levels of elastic and collagen fibers in the connective tissue. Additionally, melanin production in the hair follicle decreases with age, resulting in gray hair. Moreover, the senses of sight and hearing decline, so glasses and hearing aids may...
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Changes in the Appendicular Skeleton with Age01:09

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The upper and lower limb initially develops as a small bulge called a limb bud, which appears on the lateral side of the early embryo. The upper limb bud appears near the end of the fourth week of development, with the lower limb bud appearing shortly after.
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Cardiac Output II: Effect of Stroke Volume on Cardiac Output01:22

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Cardiac output (CO), the amount of blood the heart pumps per minute, is a parameter in cardiovascular physiology determined by stroke volume and heart rate. Stroke volume, the amount of blood pushed from one of the ventricles per heartbeat, is influenced by preload, afterload, and contractility.
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Cardiac Output I:Effect of Heart Rate on Cardiac Output01:19

Cardiac Output I:Effect of Heart Rate on Cardiac Output

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Cardiac Output
Cardiac output (CO) refers to the total amount of blood ejected by one of the ventricles in liters per minute (L/min). In a resting adult, CO ranges from 5 to 6 L/min, adjusting according to the body's metabolic requirements.
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Updated: Jan 30, 2026

Activating Autophagy by Aerobic Exercise in Mice
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Activating Autophagy by Aerobic Exercise in Mice

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Autophagy and cardiac aging.

Shigeki Miyamoto1

  • 1Department of Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0636, USA. smiyamoto@ucsd.edu.

Cell Death and Differentiation
|January 30, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Autophagy, a cellular recycling process, declines with age in the heart, worsening cardiac aging. Stimulating autophagy may improve heart function and extend lifespan, offering a therapeutic target for age-related heart disease.

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Cellular Biology
  • Gerontology

Background:

  • Cardiovascular disease (CVD) prevalence increases with age.
  • Cardiac aging involves hypertrophy, fibrosis, inflammation, and reduced contractility.
  • Autophagy is crucial for cellular homeostasis and declines with age in the heart.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the role and regulation of autophagy in the aging heart.
  • To explore autophagy as a therapeutic target for age-related cardiac dysfunction.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of recent progress in understanding cardiac autophagy and aging.

Main Results:

  • Cardiac autophagy decreases with age, leading to accumulation of damaged proteins and mitochondria.
  • Inhibition of autophagy exacerbates cardiac aging.
  • Stimulation of autophagy improves cardiac function and increases lifespan in model organisms.

Conclusions:

  • Autophagy plays a critical role in mitigating cardiac aging.
  • Modulating autophagy presents a promising therapeutic strategy for age-related cardiac dysfunction.