Anti-progesterones in obstetrics, ectopic pregnancies and gynaecological malignancy

Table 2 summarizes the proven and potential uses of anti-progesterones in obstetrics and gynaecology. In addition to their role in the induction of menstruation and the interruption of first-trimester pregnancy, anti-progesterones can definitely accelerate cervical ripening and promote the termination of second-trimester pregnancy, especially in combination with exogenous prostaglandins. Furthermore, anti-progesterones can also initiate labour in the obstetric complication of fetal death in utero, leading to delivery of the fetus and placenta without additional medical treatment and without surgery in the majority of patients. The wider use of anti-progesterones for the induction of labour, with or without other adjuvants such as oxytocin or prostaglandin analogues, is still uncertain and awaits further study. Anti-progesterones may also be useful in the medical treatment of early ectopic pregnancy, either alone or in combination with other medicines. Preliminary results indicate that progesterone receptor antagonists may also be useful both for the initiation and promotion of lactation as well as the possible management of advanced breast cancer containing progesterone receptors. Finally, the usefulness of anti-progesterones in other gynaecological malignancies containing progesterone receptors, such as endometrial or ovarian cancers, awaits further study.