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Female underactive bladder - Current status and management.

Tammer Yamany1, Marlie Elia2, Jason Jihoon Lee1

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Underactive bladder (UAB) is a common condition in women, often overlooked due to diagnostic challenges. Current treatments are limited, with neuromodulation showing promise, but more research is needed for effective therapies.

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Area of Science:

  • Urology
  • Gynecology

Background:

  • Underactive bladder (UAB) presents as a complex of urinary symptoms like slow stream and hesitancy.
  • Historically, UAB has lacked consistent definitions and diagnostic criteria, leading to under-recognition.
  • Prevalence increases with age and in long-term care facility residents, particularly affecting women.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current literature on the diagnosis and management of UAB in female patients.
  • To identify gaps in diagnostic tools and therapeutic options for UAB.
  • To highlight emerging treatment modalities and future research directions.

Main Methods:

  • A comprehensive literature review was conducted.
  • Articles focusing on UAB diagnosis and management in females were identified and analyzed.

Main Results:

  • UAB affects up to 45% of females, with prevalence rising in older populations.
  • Etiology is multifactorial, including neurogenic, cardiovascular, and idiopathic causes.
  • Management options are limited; clean intermittent catheterization is common, pharmacotherapies lack consistent efficacy, and neuromodulation shows promise.

Conclusions:

  • Despite increased recognition, UAB lacks validated diagnostic questionnaires and effective treatments.
  • Neuromodulation offers potential symptom improvement, while advanced therapies like stem-cell and gene therapy require further investigation.
  • Future research should focus on developing targeted therapies and validated diagnostic tools for UAB.