Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 30, 2026

Plaquing of Herpes Simplex Viruses
04:41

Plaquing of Herpes Simplex Viruses

Published on: November 5, 2021

7.0K

Anti-NMDAR Encephalitis in Association with Herpes Simplex Virus and Viral and Bacterial Zoonoses

Stefanie Kar Yan Hung1, Fu Liong Hiew1, Shanthi Viswanathan1

  • 1Department of Neurology, Kuala Lumpur Hospital, Jalan Pahang, 50586 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.

Annals of Indian Academy of Neurology
|January 30, 2019
PubMed

Insights

Multiple co-infections can trigger autoimmune encephalitis. This study highlights a rare N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) encephalitis case with multiple co-infections, presenting severe symptoms and treatment resistance.

Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Immunology
  • Infectious Diseases

Background:

  • Autoimmune encephalitis, particularly N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) encephalitis, can be triggered by infections.
  • Co-infections are infrequently reported in patients with NMDAR encephalitis.

Observation:

  • This study reviewed thirty cases of NMDAR encephalitis at a tertiary referral center.
  • Only two cases presented with co-infections.

Findings:

  • One case involved a male patient with multiple co-infections presenting with cortical dysfunction, seizures, and orofacial dyskinesias at onset.
  • This specific case was refractory to initial treatment and occurred in the absence of tumors.

Implications:

  • This case underscores the complex interplay between multiple infections and autoimmune encephalitis.
  • Further research is needed to understand the mechanisms and optimal management of co-infected NMDAR encephalitis patients.
Keywords:
Anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor encephalitisBartonella henselaeBorrelia burgdorferiJapanese encephalitis virusherpes simplex virus

More Related Videos

Growth, Purification, and Titration of Oncolytic Herpes Simplex Virus06:14

Growth, Purification, and Titration of Oncolytic Herpes Simplex Virus

Published on: May 13, 2021

7.4K
Ex Vivo Infection of Murine Epidermis with Herpes Simplex Virus Type 111:56

Ex Vivo Infection of Murine Epidermis with Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1

Published on: August 24, 2015

11.6K

Related Concept Videos

What are Viruses?00:50

What are Viruses?

Overview
128.1K
Waterproofing and Anti-Bacterial Admixtures in Concrete01:22

Waterproofing and Anti-Bacterial Admixtures in Concrete

Concrete's susceptibility to water absorption is due to the capillary action within the pores of its hydrated cement paste. This action draws water in, creating the need for waterproofing admixtures to prevent such penetration. The efficacy of these admixtures is contingent upon the water pressure, with variations arising from different conditions such as rain, capillary rise, or hydrostatic pressure in structures intended to hold water.
Waterproofing admixtures render concrete hydrophobic,...
238
Viral Recombination00:57

Viral Recombination

Cells are sometimes infected by more than one virus at once. When two viruses disassemble to expose their genomes for replication in the same cell, similar regions of their genomes can pair together and exchange sequences in a process called recombination. Alternatively, viruses with segmented genomes can swap segments in a process called reassortment.
25.1K
Viral Structure00:56

Viral Structure

Viruses are extraordinarily diverse in shape and size, but they all have several structural features in common. All viruses have a core that contains a DNA- or RNA-based genome. The core is surrounded by a protective coat of proteins called the capsid. The capsid is composed of subunits called capsomeres. The capsid and genome-containing core are together known as the nucleocapsid.
74.5K
Viral Mutations00:36

Viral Mutations

A mutation is a change in the sequence of bases of DNA or RNA in a genome. Some mutations occur during replication of the genome due to errors made by the polymerase enzymes that replicate DNA or RNA. Unlike DNA polymerase, RNA polymerase is prone to errors because it is not capable of “proofreading” its work. Viruses with RNA-based genomes, like HIV, therefore accrue mutations faster than viruses with DNA-based genomes. Because mutation and recombination provide the raw material...
39.9K
Association Areas of the Cortex01:21

Association Areas of the Cortex

Association areas are regions of the cerebral cortex that do not have a specific sensory or motor function. Instead, they integrate and interpret information from various sources to enable higher cognitive processes such as memory, learning, and decision-making. Some key association areas include the following:
Prefrontal Association Area: This area is located in the frontal lobe and is involved in planning, decision-making, and moderating social behavior. It connects with primary motor areas,...
9.3K