Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Measures of Central Tendency

Measures of Central Tendency

The "center" of a data set is also a way of describing location. The two most widely used measures of the "center" of the data are the mean (average) and the median. The words "mean" and "average" are often used interchangeably. The substitution of one word for the other is common practice. The technical term is "arithmetic mean" and "average" is technically a center location. However, in practice among non-statisticians,...

Measurement: Standard Units

Measurement: Standard Units

Every measurement provides three kinds of information: the size or magnitude of the measurement (a number), a standard of comparison for the measurement (a unit), and an indication of the uncertainty of the measurement. While the number and unit are explicitly represented when a quantity is written, the uncertainty is an aspect of the errors in the measurement results.

Measuring Reaction Rates

Measuring Reaction Rates

Polarimetry finds application in chemical kinetics to measure the concentration and reaction kinetics of optically active substances during a chemical reaction. Optically active substances have the capability of rotating the plane of polarization of linearly polarized light passing through them—a feature called optical rotation. Optical activity is attributed to the molecular structure of substances. Normal monochromatic light is unpolarized and possesses oscillations of the electrical...

Uncertainty in Measurement: Significant Figures

Uncertainty in Measurement: Significant Figures

All the digits in a measurement, including the uncertain last digit, are called significant figures or significant digits. Note that zero may be a measured value; for example, if a scale that shows weight to the nearest pound reads “140,” then the 1 (hundreds), 4 (tens), and 0 (ones) are all significant (measured) values.

Measurement: Derived Units

Measurement: Derived Units

The International System of Units or SI system, by international agreement, has fixed measurement units for seven fundamental properties: length, mass, time, temperature, electric current, amount of substance, and luminosity. These are called the SI base units.

Units of Measurement

Units of Measurement

Mechanical engineering is one of the oldest branches of engineering. It deals with designing, analyzing, and manufacturing machines and mechanical systems. To ensure precise and accurate calculations, units of measurement are used. They provide a standard system for expressing and comparing physical quantities.
There are various well-known historical measurement systems, such as the Babylonian system, the Roman system, the Egyptian system, the Olympian system, the British system, and the Indus...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

The Turkish experience of COVID-19 infection in people with NMOSD and MOGAD: A milder course?

Multiple sclerosis and related disorders·2022

Same author

Holter Monitorisation Results in Early Period of Acute Ischemic Stroke.

Noro psikiyatri arsivi·2018

See all related articles

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 30, 2026

Breathing-controlled Electrical Stimulation BreEStim for Management of Neuropathic Pain and Spasticity

Breathing-controlled Electrical Stimulation BreEStim for Management of Neuropathic Pain and Spasticity

Published on: January 10, 2013

Spasticity Measurement.

Belgin Petek Balci¹

¹Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Health Sciences; Haseki Research and Education Hospital Neurology Clinic, İstanbul, Turkey.

Noro Psikiyatri Arsivi

|January 30, 2019

Summary

Spasticity significantly impacts daily life and caregiving, especially in multiple sclerosis. This study reviews and compares current and novel methods for quantifying spasticity to identify an ideal evaluation approach.

Keywords:

Spasticity measurement multiple sclerosis rating scales spasticity assessment spasticity scales

More Related Videos

Isokinetic Robotic Device to Improve Test-Retest and Inter-Rater Reliability for Stretch Reflex Measurements in Stroke Patients with Spasticity

Isokinetic Robotic Device to Improve Test-Retest and Inter-Rater Reliability for Stretch Reflex Measurements in Stroke Patients with Spasticity

Published on: June 12, 2019

Author Spotlight: Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Combined with Movement Observation in Cerebral Palsy

Author Spotlight: Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Combined with Movement Observation in Cerebral Palsy

Published on: August 9, 2024

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jan 30, 2026

Breathing-controlled Electrical Stimulation BreEStim for Management of Neuropathic Pain and Spasticity

Breathing-controlled Electrical Stimulation BreEStim for Management of Neuropathic Pain and Spasticity

Published on: January 10, 2013

Isokinetic Robotic Device to Improve Test-Retest and Inter-Rater Reliability for Stretch Reflex Measurements in Stroke Patients with Spasticity

Isokinetic Robotic Device to Improve Test-Retest and Inter-Rater Reliability for Stretch Reflex Measurements in Stroke Patients with Spasticity

Published on: June 12, 2019

Author Spotlight: Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Combined with Movement Observation in Cerebral Palsy

Author Spotlight: Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Combined with Movement Observation in Cerebral Palsy

Published on: August 9, 2024

Area of Science:

Neurology
Rehabilitation Medicine
Biomedical Engineering

Background:

Spasticity is a debilitating neurological symptom impacting patients' quality of life and increasing caregiver burden.
It is a primary cause of disability among individuals with multiple sclerosis.
Current methods for measuring spasticity possess limitations and inaccuracies.

Purpose of the Study:

To critically examine and compare existing and emerging techniques for the quantitative assessment of spasticity.
To identify the characteristics and requirements of an ideal spasticity evaluation method.

Main Methods:

Literature review of established and novel quantitative spasticity measurement techniques.
Comparative analysis of methodologies based on accuracy, reliability, and clinical applicability.

Main Results:

Existing methods for spasticity quantification present inherent limitations and potential for error.
Emerging techniques offer potential improvements in precision and objectivity.
No single current method fully meets the criteria for an ideal spasticity assessment tool.

Conclusions:

There is a need for refined and validated methods for objective spasticity evaluation.
The development of an ideal method would enhance clinical decision-making and patient management.
Further research is warranted to establish a comprehensive and accurate approach to spasticity assessment.