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Related Experiment Video

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Brain-gut axis after stroke.

Awadhesh K Arya1, Bingren Hu1,2

  • 1Department of Neurology and Anesthesiology, Shock Trauma and Anesthesiology Research Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.

Brain Circulation
|January 30, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Stroke disrupts the brain-gut axis, causing gut inflammation and immune responses that impact stroke severity. Targeting gut immunity offers a potential therapeutic strategy for stroke treatment.

Keywords:
Brain–gut or gut–brain axisTh1Th17and γδ T-cellsdamage-associated molecular patternsgut inflammatory and immune responsemacrophagemicemicrogliamiddle cerebral artery occlusionregulatory T-cellsstroke

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Immunology
  • Gastroenterology

Background:

  • Stroke triggers systemic inflammatory and immune responses, affecting both the brain and peripheral organs.
  • The gut, a major immune organ, communicates bidirectionally with the brain (brain-gut axis).
  • Stroke-induced gut dysfunction, including dysbiosis and increased permeability, correlates with poor prognosis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent advances in understanding the brain-gut axis in stroke pathophysiology.
  • To highlight the role of gut inflammatory and immune responses in stroke.
  • To identify key research questions and future directions for therapeutic development.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current literature on stroke, the brain-gut axis, and immune responses.
  • Analysis of the mechanisms linking gut inflammation to ischemic brain injury.
  • Discussion of immune cell involvement (innate and adaptive) in post-stroke inflammation.

Main Results:

  • Stroke induces gut dysmotility, dysbiosis, and 'leaky gut,' contributing to systemic inflammation.
  • Ischemic brain tissue releases damage-associated molecular patterns, activating immune cells.
  • Specific T-cell subsets (Th1, Th17) exacerbate injury, while regulatory T-cells offer protection.

Conclusions:

  • Gut inflammatory and immune responses are critical in stroke pathophysiology.
  • The brain-gut axis represents a promising therapeutic target for stroke.
  • Further research into gut immunity post-stroke is essential for developing novel treatments.