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Related Concept Videos

Solution Formation02:16

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There is no one solvent that can dissolve every type of solute. Some substances that readily dissolve in a certain solvent might be insoluble in a different solvent. A simple way to predict which substances dissolve in which solvent is the phrase "like dissolves like". This means that polar substances, such as salt and sugar, dissolve in a polar substance like water. In contrast, non-polar substances are more soluble in non-polar solvents such as carbon tetrachloride.
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The word polymer is derived from the Greek words “poly” which means “many” and “mer” which means “parts”. Polymers are long chains of molecules composed of repeating units of smaller molecules, known as monomers. They either occur naturally, such as DNA and proteins, or can be constructed synthetically, like plastics. They have varied structural characteristics, such as linear chains, branched chains, or complex networks, that contribute to the...
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When a solid is dipped inside a liquid, the liquid surface becomes curved near the contact. For some solid–liquid interfaces, the liquid is pulled up along the solid, while for others, the liquid surface is convex or depressed near the solid surface. This phenomenon can be explained using the concept of cohesive and adhesive forces.
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Contact-dependent signaling, as the name suggests, requires that communicating cells be in direct contact with each other. This is achieved either through receptor-ligand interactions or by specialized cytoplasmic channels that allow the flow of small molecules between cells. In animal cells, channels called gap junctions facilitate contact-dependent signaling in certain tissues, whereas, plasmodesmata perform a similar function in plants.
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Light-mediated Formation and Patterning of Hydrogels for Cell Culture Applications
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Shearing-induced contact pattern formation in hydrogels sliding in polymer solution.

Shintaro Yashima1, Satoshi Hirayama, Takayuki Kurokawa

  • 1Grad. School of Life Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.

Soft Matter
|January 30, 2019
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Researchers observed dynamic contact patterns on hydrogels during rotational shearing in polymer solutions. These patterns, appearing for the first time, depend on gel softness, sliding velocity, and polymer concentration.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Rheology
  • Surface Science

Background:

  • Hydrogels are widely used in various applications.
  • Understanding hydrogel-polymer interactions under shear is crucial for optimizing performance.
  • In situ observation of dynamic interfaces is challenging but informative.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To observe and characterize dynamic contact patterns of hydrogels during rotational shearing.
  • To investigate the influence of various parameters on pattern formation.
  • To elucidate the underlying mechanisms of pattern formation.

Main Methods:

  • In situ observation of hydrogel contact during rotational shearing on a glass surface.
  • Systematic variation of parameters including sliding velocity, polymer concentration, normal pressure, and gel softness.
  • Analysis of contact pattern characteristics and their evolution over time.

Main Results:

  • First-time observation of dynamic contact patterns rotating in-phase with hydrogel shearing.
  • Contact patterns exhibited circumferential periodicity, becoming finer with shearing time.
  • Pattern formation accelerated with increased sliding velocity, polymer concentration, and normal pressure.
  • Gel softness significantly impacted pattern characteristics.

Conclusions:

  • Dynamic contact patterns form at the rotational soft interface between hydrogels and polymer solutions.
  • Pattern formation is linked to the non-linear rheology of the polymer solution.
  • The study provides new insights into interfacial phenomena in soft matter systems.