Finite Element Methods in Human Head Impact Simulations: A Review.

Area of Science:

• Biomechanics
• Computational mechanics
• Neuroscience

Background:

• Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a significant health risk, projected to be the third leading cause of death.
• Finite element (FE) models are crucial for understanding and mitigating TBI.
• Current FE models require improvements to accurately simulate brain injury.

Purpose of the Study:

• To provide background on the current state of TBI FE modeling research.
• To present recent advancements in TBI FE models.
• To identify areas for future research in TBI simulation.

Main Methods:

• Increased spatial resolution in FE models.
• Incorporation of nonlinear and anisotropic constitutive material models.
• Improvements in experimental validation techniques for model calibration.

Main Results:

• High-resolution FE meshes are necessary for modeling wave propagation and brain surface dynamics.
• Advanced material models enhance the accuracy of TBI simulations.
• Improved experimental validation leads to better-calibrated FE models.

Conclusions:

• Enhanced computational power drives progress in TBI FE modeling.
• Increased model detail and improved validation are key to advancing TBI research.
• Further research is needed to address remaining challenges in TBI simulation.