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Related Concept Videos

Pulmonary Tuberculosis I01:29

Pulmonary Tuberculosis I

945
Tuberculosis, often called TB, is a contagious illness primarily caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It mainly affects the lung parenchyma but can also impact other body parts.
Causative Organism
The primary infectious agent causing tuberculosis is Mycobacterium tuberculosis, a slow-growing, acid-fast, aerobic rod that exhibits sensitivity to heat and ultraviolet light. Instances of Mycobacterium bovis and Mycobacterium avium contributing to the development of TB infection are rare.
Mode of...
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Pulmonary Tuberculosis II01:28

Pulmonary Tuberculosis II

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Tuberculosis, or TB, is a bacterial infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. While its primary impact is on the lungs, leading to pulmonary tuberculosis, it can also affect various other organs, a condition referred to as extrapulmonary tuberculosis.
Here is a detailed explanation of its pathophysiology:
Transmission: The process begins when a person inhales droplet nuclei containing M. tuberculosis. These are typically released into the air when an individual with pulmonary or...
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Pulmonary Tuberculosis V01:28

Pulmonary Tuberculosis V

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Medical management of tuberculosis (TB) patients involves a comprehensive approach that includes diagnosis, treatment, and monitoring. The specific strategies can vary depending on the type of tuberculosis (latent or active), the patient's overall health status, and other considerations.
Latent tuberculosis infection occurs when TB bacteria are present in a person's body, but are not causing illness or symptoms. It is not contagious, and preventive treatment is crucial to avoid the...
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Pulmonary Tuberculosis III01:31

Pulmonary Tuberculosis III

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Tuberculosis (TB) is a contagious infection primarily affecting the lung parenchyma but which can also affect other body parts. TB can be classified based on disease development, presentation, and the affected anatomical site.
The first classification is based on the development of the disease, and it includes the following categories:
1.1K
Pulmonary Tuberculosis IV01:26

Pulmonary Tuberculosis IV

521
Tuberculosis, more commonly referred to as TB, is an infectious disease stemming from Mycobacterium tuberculosis. While it primarily impacts the lungs, TB can also affect other body areas. Given its severity and global impact, timely and accurate diagnosis is crucial for controlling its spread and improving patient outcomes.
Several diagnostic approaches are used to detect TB. The conventional method is the Tuberculin Skin Test (TST), also known as the Mantoux test. However, this method has...
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Sequence Networks of Rotating Machines01:24

Sequence Networks of Rotating Machines

488
A Y-connected synchronous generator, grounded through a neutral impedance, is designed to produce balanced internal phase voltages with only positive-sequence components. The generator's sequence networks include a source voltage that is exclusively in the positive-sequence network. The sequence components of line-to-ground voltages at the generator terminals illustrate this configuration.
Zero-sequence current induces a voltage drop across the generator's neutral impedance and other...
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Updated: Jan 30, 2026

The MODS method for diagnosis of tuberculosis and multidrug resistant tuberculosis
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The MODS method for diagnosis of tuberculosis and multidrug resistant tuberculosis

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Spatial Network Mapping of Pulmonary Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis Cavities Using RNA Sequencing.

Keertan Dheda1,2, Laura Lenders1, Shashikant Srivastava3,4

  • 11Centre for Lung Infection and Immunity, Division of Pulmonology, Department of Medicine and UCT Lung Institute and South African MRC/UCT Centre for the Study of Antimicrobial Resistance, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.

American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine
|January 30, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study maps the complex immune pathways within tuberculosis lung cavities, revealing key inflammatory and signaling differences. Findings highlight potential targets for new host-directed therapies against Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

Keywords:
analysisTB cavitationpulmonary tuberculosistranscriptomics

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Diagnosing Pulmonary Tuberculosis with the Xpert MTB/RIF Test
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Spatial Quantification of Drugs in Pulmonary Tuberculosis Lesions by Laser Capture Microdissection Liquid Chromatography Mass Spectrometry LCM-LC/MS
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Area of Science:

  • Immunology and Infectious Diseases
  • Pathophysiology of Tuberculosis Cavitation

Background:

  • Limited understanding of protective immunity and pathogenesis in tuberculosis (TB) cavities.
  • Need to elucidate spatially distinct pathophysiological pathways within human TB cavities.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To map pathophysiological pathways at anatomically distinct positions within human TB cavities.
  • To identify potential targets for host-directed therapies and transmission prevention.

Main Methods:

  • Biopsies from 14 multidrug-resistant TB cavities and 10 healthy controls.
  • RNA sequencing, immunohistochemistry, and bacterial load determination at 8 cavity locations.
  • Spatial mapping of gene expression and computational modeling of immune networks.

Main Results:

  • Upregulation of proinflammatory pathways in the cavity wall.
  • Downregulation of neuroendocrine, calcium signaling, and immune cell activation pathways at the central caseum-fluid interface.
  • Neuroendocrine, PKC-θ, and TREM-1 pathways correlated strongly with bacterial burden, unlike T-helper systems.

Conclusions:

  • Novel insights into host immunity and pathogenesis of Mycobacterium tuberculosis-related lung cavitation.
  • Defined pathways offer potential targets for host-directed therapies.
  • Identified pathways may inform transmission prevention strategies.