Skin and soft tissue infections after breast surgery

Area of Science:

• Surgical Infections
• Breast Surgery Complications
• Antimicrobial Resistance

Background:

• Breast surgery infections are common despite being classified as clean procedures.
• Acute bacterial skin and soft tissue infections, particularly surgical site and implant-associated infections, complicate postoperative care.
• Infection risk is influenced by surgical factors and patient host factors.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review current evidence on managing infections following breast surgery.
• To highlight emerging infectious agents and resistance patterns.
• To emphasize the need for comprehensive management strategies.

Main Methods:

• Review of current evidence on infection management after breast surgery.
• Analysis of common pathogens, including Gram-positive bacteria with antimicrobial resistance.
• Discussion of host, microbiological, and surgical risk factors.

Main Results:

• Gram-positive bacteria, often with antimicrobial resistance, are frequently isolated.
• Less common infections caused by Gram-negative bacteria and mycobacteria are also noted.
• The impact of postoperative complications is often underestimated.

Conclusions:

• Effective management requires new drug options for resistant Gram-positive infections like methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.
• Stewardship activities are crucial for reducing infection risks.
• Consideration of host, microbiological, and surgical risk factors is essential for appropriate care.