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Antibody opsonization enhances MAIT cell responsiveness to bacteria via a TNF-dependent mechanism

Zoltán Bánki1, Lisette Krabbendam2, Dominik Klaver1

  • 1Division of Virology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.

Immunology and Cell Biology
|January 30, 2019
PubMed

Insights

Mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells are activated by bacteria through antigen-presenting cells (APCs). Monocytes, especially when bacteria are opsonized, enhance MAIT cell responses, highlighting innate-adaptive immune interplay.

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Microbiology
  • Cellular Biology

Background:

  • Mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells are a key T-cell subset with antimicrobial functions.
  • MAIT cells recognize bacterial ligands presented by the MR1 molecule on antigen-presenting cells (APCs).
  • Cytokines significantly influence MAIT cell activation, sometimes replacing T-cell receptor signaling.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate differential MAIT cell activation by distinct APCs in response to Escherichia coli.
  • To elucidate the role of TNF in MAIT cell activation by APCs.
  • To determine the impact of antibody-dependent opsonization on MAIT cell activation.

Main Methods:

  • Comparative analysis of MAIT cell activation by THP-1 cells and B cells stimulated with E. coli.
  • Measurement of cytokine production (IFNγ, TNF) by APCs and MAIT cells.
  • In vitro modeling to assess the effect of antibody-dependent opsonization on monocyte and MAIT cell responses.

Main Results:

  • THP-1 cells were more potent than B cells in inducing IFNγ and IFNγ/TNF production by MAIT cells.
  • THP-1 cells produced TNF upon bacterial stimulation, which subsequently enhanced MAIT cell IFNγ production.
  • Antibody-dependent opsonization significantly boosted MAIT cell activation by monocytes, correlating with increased monocyte activation and TNF release.

Conclusions:

  • MAIT cell activation by bacteria involves differential responses mediated by various APCs.
  • TNF plays a crucial role in MAIT cell activation, particularly when produced by monocytes.
  • Antibody-dependent opsonization enhances innate immune cell activation, leading to robust MAIT cell responses, underscoring innate-adaptive immune synergy.
Keywords:
TNFBacteriaE. coliIgG-opsonizationMAIT cellsinnate T cells

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