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Related Concept Videos

Interference and Diffraction02:18

Interference and Diffraction

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Interference is a characteristic phenomenon exhibited by waves. When two electromagnetic waves interact with their peaks and troughs coinciding, a resulting wave with enhanced amplitude is produced. This is known as constructive interference. In this case, the two waves interacting are in phase with each other.
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RNA Interference01:23

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RNA interference (RNAi) is a process in which a small non-coding RNA molecule blocks the post-transcriptional expression of a gene by binding to its messenger RNA (mRNA) and preventing the protein from being translated.
This process occurs naturally in cells, often through the activity of genomically-encoded microRNAs. Researchers can take advantage of this mechanism by introducing synthetic RNAs to deactivate specific genes for research or therapeutic purposes. For example, RNAi could be used...
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Interference and Decay01:16

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Forgetting is a complex cognitive phenomenon influenced by several factors, among which interference and decay are particularly prominent. These processes explain why individuals often struggle to retrieve specific information from memory, leading to lapses in recall that can be observed in everyday situations.
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Sound Waves: Interference00:53

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Sound waves can be modeled either as longitudinal waves, wherein the molecules of the medium oscillate around an equilibrium position, or as pressure waves. When two identical waves from the same source superimpose on each other, the combination of two crests or two troughs results in amplitude reinforcement known as constructive interference. If two identical waves, that are initially in phase, become out of phase because of different path lengths, the combination of crests with troughs...
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Interference and Superposition of Waves01:07

Interference and Superposition of Waves

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When two waves of the same nature occur in the same region simultaneously, they result in interference. Interference of waves implies that the net effect of the waves is the sum of the individual waves' effects. However, it does not imply that the individual waves affect the propagation of other waves.
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Interference: Path Lengths01:10

Interference: Path Lengths

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Consider two sources of sound, that may or may not be in phase, emitting waves at a single frequency, and consider the frequencies to be the same.
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Following Cell-fate in E. coli After Infection by Phage Lambda
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[IgM-Lambda Type Paraproteinemia Interferes with Haptoglobin Measurements].

Takahiro Nojiri, Akiko Masuda, Ryunosuke Ohkawa

    Rinsho Byori. the Japanese Journal of Clinical Pathology
    |January 30, 2019
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Paraproteinemia can cause falsely low haptoglobin (Hp) measurements due to IgM interfering with tests. Monitoring absorbance changes during Hp testing may help detect this interference.

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    Area of Science:

    • Clinical Chemistry
    • Immunology
    • Hematology

    Background:

    • Paraproteinemia, an increase in monoclonal immunoglobulins, can interfere with laboratory tests.
    • Accurate laboratory diagnostics are crucial for patient management and disease monitoring.

    Observation:

    • A patient with IgM-lambda paraproteinemia and lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma exhibited falsely low haptoglobin (Hp) levels.
    • White turbidity in the serum sample interfered with the Hp assay, indicated by increased absorbance.
    • Centrifugation revealed IgM as the primary component of the turbidity.

    Findings:

    • The presence of IgM in the white turbidity pellet directly correlated with increased absorbance and falsely low Hp measurements.
    • Adding the IgM-rich pellet to normal serum reproduced the interference, confirming IgM's role.
    • A time-series correlation was observed between serum IgM concentration and the extent of turbidity/Hp reduction.

    Implications:

    • Clinicians should be aware that IgM-lambda paraproteinemia can lead to erroneous low Hp results.
    • Monitoring absorbance changes during Hp assays may be necessary to identify potential interference.
    • This highlights the importance of recognizing and accounting for paraprotein interference in diagnostic testing.