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Related Concept Videos

Resistivity01:22

Resistivity

4.5K
When a voltage is applied to a conductor, an electrical field is generated, and charges in the conductor feel the force due to the electrical field. The current density that results depends on the electrical field and the properties of the material. In some materials, including metals at a given temperature, the current density is approximately proportional to the electrical field. In these cases, the current density can be modeled as:
4.5K
Resistance01:19

Resistance

6.0K
When a current moves through any conductor, the conductor causes some level of difficulty for the current to flow. The measure of that difficulty is known as the resistance of the material and is represented by R. Every material has its own resistance. In the case of conductors, heat is emitted whenever a current passes through them. Resistance depends on the resistivity of the material. Resistivity is a characteristic of the material used to fabricate electrical components, whereas the...
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Equivalent Resistance01:16

Equivalent Resistance

977
In circuit analysis, situations often arise where resistors are neither in series nor parallel configurations. To tackle such scenarios, three-terminal equivalent networks like the wye (Y) (Figure 1 (a)) or tee (T) and delta (Δ) (Figure 1 (b)) or pi (π) networks come into play. These networks offer versatile solutions and are frequently encountered in various applications, including three-phase electrical systems, electrical filters, and matching networks.
977
Resistance and Conductance01:25

Resistance and Conductance

509
A conductor's DC resistance at a given temperature is influenced by its resistivity, length, and cross-sectional area. Resistivity is an inherent property of the conductor material, with annealed copper serving as the international standard for measurement. For instance, the resistivity of hard-drawn aluminum at 20 degrees Celsius is 61% of the standard conductivity of annealed copper.
Various factors impact the resistance of a conductor. Spiraling in stranded conductors increases their...
509
Rolling Resistance01:21

Rolling Resistance

643
When a solid cylinder rolls steadily on a rigid surface, the normal force applied by the surface on the cylinder is perpendicular to the tangent at the contact point. However, since no materials are entirely rigid, the surface's reaction to the cylinder involves a range of normal pressures.
For instance, imagine a hard cylinder rolling on a comparatively soft surface. The cylinder's weight compresses the surface beneath it. As the cylinder moves, the material in front of it slows down due to...
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Vascular Resistance01:20

Vascular Resistance

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Vascular resistance is a critical concept in understanding blood flow dynamics in the circulatory system. It refers to the resistance that blood encounters as it flows through the blood vessels. This resistance is a key factor in determining blood pressure and cardiac workload.
The primary determinants of vascular resistance are vessel diameter, blood viscosity, and vessel length. Among these, vessel diameter plays the most significant role due to the fourth power relationship described by...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 30, 2026

In Vivo Investigation of Antimicrobial Blue Light Therapy for Multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii Burn Infections Using Bioluminescence Imaging
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[Multidrug-Resistant Acinetobacter baumannii].

Miwa Asahara, Naohisa Matsunaga, Taiji Furukawa

    Rinsho Byori. the Japanese Journal of Clinical Pathology
    |January 30, 2019
    PubMed
    Summary

    A 2010 multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (MDRAB) outbreak at Teikyo University Hospital led to revised infection control strategies. Hospital-wide collaboration was crucial for improving both infection and safety management.

    Area of Science:

    • Infectious Diseases
    • Hospital Management
    • Public Health

    Background:

    • Teikyo University Hospital experienced a significant outbreak of multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (MDRAB) in 2010.
    • The outbreak involved 58 inpatients, including asymptomatic carriers, between August 2009 and September 2010.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To report on the MDRAB outbreak and its impact on hospital management.
    • To highlight the necessity of interdepartmental collaboration in infection control.

    Main Methods:

    • Retrospective review of the MDRAB outbreak.
    • Analysis of infection control and safety management revisions post-outbreak.

    Main Results:

    • The outbreak necessitated a comprehensive revision of infection control measures.

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  • Successful management required collaboration across all hospital departments, not just specialized ones.

    • Conclusions:

    • The MDRAB outbreak, despite its negative impact, provided critical insights for enhancing hospital-wide safety and infection control.
    • Interdepartmental cooperation is essential for effective response to and prevention of hospital-acquired infections.