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    Area of Science:

    • Biochemistry
    • Organic Chemistry
    • Neuroscience

    Background:

    • Cholinesterase (ChE) is a crucial enzyme in neurotransmission.
    • Reversible ChE inhibitors are important therapeutic and research tools.
    • Elementorganic derivatives offer diverse chemical properties for inhibitor design.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate how the onium atom's nature affects the anticholinesterase efficiency of elementorganic tetramethylenbisonium derivatives.
    • To evaluate these compounds as reversible inhibitors against various ChE sources.

    Main Methods:

    • Tested bisphosphonium, bisammonium, and bis(phenyliodonium) tetramethylenbisonium derivatives.
    • Assessed anticholinesterase activity against acetylcholinesterase (human erythrocytes), butyrylcholinesterase (horse serum), frog brain ChE, and squid ChEs (Todarodes pacificus, Berryteuthis magister).

    Main Results:

    • Bisphosphonium inhibitors demonstrated significantly higher potency than bisammonium inhibitors.
    • Increased size and hydrophobicity of onium groups in bisphosphonium compounds may contribute to their enhanced efficacy.
    • A bisammonium organosilicon compound and its monoammonium analogue showed equal activity in mammalian ChE inhibition.
    • A novel bis(phenyliodonium) derivative, with enhanced hydrophobicity from fluorine atoms, exhibited marked anticholinesterase effects on mammalian ChE.

    Conclusions:

    • The onium atom's chemical nature is a key determinant of anticholinesterase activity in these elementorganic compounds.
    • Structural modifications, such as increased hydrophobicity and specific onium groups, can significantly enhance ChE inhibition.
    • These findings contribute to the development of novel reversible cholinesterase inhibitors.