Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Cross-reactivity00:42

Cross-reactivity

33.0K
Overview
33.0K
Reactivity of Enols01:18

Reactivity of Enols

4.1K
Enols are a class of compounds where a hydroxyl group is attached to a carbon–carbon double bond, which implies that it is a vinyl alcohol. A carbonyl compound with an α hydrogen undergoes keto–enol tautomerism and remains in equilibrium with its tautomer, the enol form. Usually, the keto tautomer is present in a higher concentration than the enol tautomer due to the higher bond energy of C=O compared to C=C. Moreover, the direction of the keto–enol equilibrium is...
4.1K
Reactivity of Enolate Ions01:23

Reactivity of Enolate Ions

3.3K
Enolate ions are formed by the acid–base reaction of a carbonyl compound with a base. This leads to deprotonation of the α hydrogen atom, leading to a resonance-stabilized enolate ion where one of the contributing structures is an oxyanion, which imparts additional stability. Therefore, the proton on the α carbon is more acidic in nature than that of other sp3-hybridized C–H bonds but less acidic than those in O–H bonds where the negative charge in the conjugate...
3.3K
Drug Dosing: Infants and Children01:29

Drug Dosing: Infants and Children

292
Pediatric patient dosages diverge from adults due to disparities in body surface area, total body water, and extracellular fluid per kilogram of body weight. The dosing regimen considers the variations in pharmacokinetics and pharmacology across distinct age groups, encompassing preterm newborns, infants, young children, older children, and adolescents. Calculation of pediatric patient doses is predicated on determining body surface area, which exhibits a superior correlation with the child's...
292
Radical Reactivity: Overview01:11

Radical Reactivity: Overview

2.7K
Radicals, the highly reactive species, gain stability by undergoing three different reactions. The first reaction involves a radical-radical coupling, in which a radical combines with another radical, forming a spin‐paired molecule. The second reaction is between a radical and a spin‐paired molecule, generating a new radical and a new spin‐paired molecule. The third reaction is radical decomposition in a unimolecular reaction, forming a new radical and a spin‐paired...
2.7K
Radical Reactivity: Nucleophilic Radicals01:16

Radical Reactivity: Nucleophilic Radicals

2.7K
Radicals adjacent to electron-donating groups are called nucleophilic radicals. These radicals readily react with electrophilic alkenes. The SOMO–LUMO interactions are the driving force for the reaction, where the high-energy SOMO of the electron-rich, nucleophilic radicals interacts with the low-energy LUMO of the electron-deficient, electrophilic alkenes. Such SOMO–LUMO interactions are the basis of reactive radical traps, affecting the selectivity in radical reactions. For...
2.7K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

[Triple valve replacement after recurrent infective endocarditis and previous COVID-19 infection].

Khirurgiia·2025
Same author

[Long-term results of multivalvular correction of heart defects].

Khirurgiia·2025
Same author

[Meta-analysis on the relevance of septal myectomy in aortic valve replacement].

Khirurgiia·2025
Same author

[Rehabilitation of persons with primary organic mental disorders complicated by alcoholism in middle and elderly age].

Zhurnal nevrologii i psikhiatrii imeni S.S. Korsakova·2025
Same author

[Factors influencing the achievement of remission in patients with alcohol dependence and concomitant psychological disorders].

Zhurnal nevrologii i psikhiatrii imeni S.S. Korsakova·2025
Same author

[The use of photodynamic therapy in the complex treatment of chronic generalized moderate periodontitis].

Stomatologiia·2023

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 30, 2026

In Vivo Optical Imaging of Brain Tumors and Arthritis Using Fluorescent SapC-DOPS Nanovesicles
09:04

In Vivo Optical Imaging of Brain Tumors and Arthritis Using Fluorescent SapC-DOPS Nanovesicles

Published on: May 2, 2014

11.8K

[GUT MICROSYMBIOCENOSIS IN CHILDREN WITH REACTIVE ARTHRITIS].

O V Bukharin, O E Chelpachenko, E I Danilova

    Zhurnal Mikrobiologii, Epidemiologii I Immunobiologii
    |January 30, 2019
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Children with reactive arthritis show an altered gut microbiome, with increased opportunistic microorganisms that form biofilms and influence cytokine levels. This gut dysbiosis is linked to arthritis development risk.

    More Related Videos

    Assessing Working Memory in Children: The Comprehensive Assessment Battery for Children – Working Memory (CABC-WM)
    09:05

    Assessing Working Memory in Children: The Comprehensive Assessment Battery for Children – Working Memory (CABC-WM)

    Published on: June 12, 2017

    30.8K
    Eye Tracking Young Children with Autism
    09:03

    Eye Tracking Young Children with Autism

    Published on: March 27, 2012

    46.5K

    Related Experiment Videos

    Last Updated: Jan 30, 2026

    In Vivo Optical Imaging of Brain Tumors and Arthritis Using Fluorescent SapC-DOPS Nanovesicles
    09:04

    In Vivo Optical Imaging of Brain Tumors and Arthritis Using Fluorescent SapC-DOPS Nanovesicles

    Published on: May 2, 2014

    11.8K
    Assessing Working Memory in Children: The Comprehensive Assessment Battery for Children – Working Memory (CABC-WM)
    09:05

    Assessing Working Memory in Children: The Comprehensive Assessment Battery for Children – Working Memory (CABC-WM)

    Published on: June 12, 2017

    30.8K
    Eye Tracking Young Children with Autism
    09:03

    Eye Tracking Young Children with Autism

    Published on: March 27, 2012

    46.5K

    Area of Science:

    • Microbiology
    • Immunology
    • Pediatrics

    Background:

    • Reactive arthritis (RA) is a condition affecting children.
    • The gut microbiome's role in RA pathogenesis is not fully understood.
    • Opportunistic microorganisms (OM) may contribute to inflammatory conditions.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the gut microsymbiocenosis in children with RA.
    • To assess biofilm formation (BFF) by gut microorganisms.
    • To evaluate the anticytokine activity (ACA) of these microorganisms in vitro.

    Main Methods:

    • Bacteriological investigation of gut microbiota in 34 children with RA and 25 healthy children.
    • Microorganism identification using MALDI-TOF mass-spectrometry.
    • Assessment of BFF and ACA using established protocols.

    Main Results:

    • A discrimination model based on gut microbiota composition differentiated children with RA from healthy controls.
    • RA patients exhibited an increased abundance of opportunistic microorganisms (enterobacteria, clostridia, bacteroides, Candida).
    • Elevated levels of biofilm formation (BFF) and anticytokine activity (ACA) were observed in the gut microbiota of children with RA.

    Conclusions:

    • Gut dysbiosis, characterized by opportunistic microorganisms with high BFF and ACA, plays a role in reactive arthritis.
    • Hypercolonization with these microorganisms may enhance arthritogenic potential.
    • Microbial factors are crucial in understanding and potentially predicting arthritis development risk in children.