New World alphavirus protein interactomes from a therapeutic perspective

Area of Science:

• Virology
• Medical Entomology
• Infectious Diseases

Background:

• New World alphaviruses, including Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus (VEEV), eastern equine encephalitis virus (EEEV), and western equine encephalitis virus (WEEV), are significant human pathogens.
• These viruses pose a threat due to potential use as bioweapons, and there is a lack of FDA-approved antiviral treatments.
• Understanding viral protein functions is crucial for developing effective countermeasures.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the functions of individual viral proteins of New World alphaviruses.
• To identify potential therapeutic targets by analyzing how these functions can be inhibited.
• To highlight areas for future research, particularly concerning host-viral protein interactions.

Main Methods:

• Literature review of existing research on New World alphavirus proteins.
• Analysis of viral protein functions and their roles in the viral life cycle.
• Identification of potential therapeutic strategies, including direct-acting antivirals and host-targeting inhibitors.

Main Results:

• Viral proteins, particularly nsP3, capsid, and E2, offer promising targets for therapeutic intervention.
• Both direct antiviral agents and compounds modulating host-viral protein interactions are discussed.
• Knowledge gaps exist regarding host protein interactions for several viral proteins, indicating future research directions.

Conclusions:

• Targeting specific viral proteins presents a viable strategy for developing novel antiviral therapies against VEEV, EEEV, and WEEV.
• Further investigation into host-viral protein interactions is essential for comprehensive therapeutic development.
• Addressing the lack of FDA-approved antivirals is critical for managing outbreaks and potential bioweapon threats.