Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

What is Energy?04:10

What is Energy?

58.9K
The universe is composed of matter in different forms, and all forms of matter contain energy.  The different forms of energy on Earth originate from the Sun — the ultimate energy source. Plants capture light energy from the Sun, and, via the process of photosynthesis, convert it into chemical energy. This stored energy from plants can be harnessed in many ways. For example, eating plant products as food provides energy for our body to function, and burning wood or coal (fossilized...
58.9K
Free Energy01:21

Free Energy

52.0K
Free energy—abbreviated as G for the scientist Gibbs who discovered it—is a measurement of useful energy that can be extracted from a reaction to do work. It is the energy in a chemical reaction that is available after entropy is accounted for. Reactions that take in energy are considered endergonic and reactions that release energy are exergonic. Plants carry out endergonic reactions by taking in sunlight and carbon dioxide to produce glucose and oxygen. Animals, in turn, break...
52.0K
Energy Basics02:27

Energy Basics

47.5K
Chemical reactions, such as those that occur when you light a match, involve changes in energy as well as matter.
47.5K
Conservation of Mass in Finite Cotrol Volume01:16

Conservation of Mass in Finite Cotrol Volume

1.8K
The principle of conservation of mass is a fundamental law in fluid mechanics and is applied using the continuity equation. We apply the concept to a finite control volume to derive the continuity equation.
A system is defined as a collection of unchanging contents, and the conservation of mass states that a system's mass is constant.
1.8K
Free Energy Changes for Nonstandard States03:25

Free Energy Changes for Nonstandard States

13.6K
The free energy change for a process taking place with reactants and products present under nonstandard conditions (pressures other than 1 bar; concentrations other than 1 M) is related to the standard free energy change according to this equation:
13.6K
Internal Energy02:00

Internal Energy

36.7K
The total of all possible kinds of energy present in a substance is called the internal energy (U), sometimes symbolized as E. Suppose a system with initial internal energy, Uinitial, undergoes a change in energy (transfer of work or heat), and the final internal energy of the system is Ufinal. Change in internal energy equals the difference between Ufinal and Uinitial.
36.7K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Wave pulses with unusual asymptotical behavior at infinity.

Journal of the Optical Society of America. A, Optics, image science, and vision·2025
Same author

Finite-energy unidirectional Hopfion-like spacetime localized electromagnetic fields in vacuum.

Optics express·2025
Same author

Dual Galilean invariance in a temporally dispersive medium.

Optics express·2024
Same author

Autofocusing luminal and superluminal spatiotemporally localized waves.

Journal of the Optical Society of America. A, Optics, image science, and vision·2022
Same author

Propagation of time-truncated Airy-type pulses in media with quadratic and cubic dispersion.

Journal of the Optical Society of America. A, Optics, image science, and vision·2015
Same author

Cherenkov radiation versus X-shaped localized waves.

Journal of the Optical Society of America. A, Optics, image science, and vision·2010

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 30, 2026

Spatiotemporal Analysis of Cytokinetic Events in Fission Yeast
11:19

Spatiotemporal Analysis of Cytokinetic Events in Fission Yeast

Published on: February 20, 2017

7.7K

Finite-energy spatiotemporally localized Airy wavepackets.

Ioannis M Besieris, Amr M Shaarawi

    Optics Express
    |January 31, 2019
    PubMed
    Summary

    Researchers derived finite-energy Airy wave packets, including superluminal and luminal types, using a time-diffraction technique. They also found a novel luminal Airy splash mode solution to the scalar wave equation.

    Area of Science:

    • Optics and Photonics
    • Theoretical Physics
    • Wave Phenomena

    Background:

    • The time-diffraction technique offers a novel approach to analyzing wave propagation.
    • Lorentz invariance is a fundamental principle in physics, particularly relevant for wave equations.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To motivate the time-diffraction technique using Lorentz invariance.
    • To derive finite-energy spatiotemporally confined Airy wave packets (subluminal, luminal, superluminal).
    • To derive a novel exact finite-energy luminal Airy splash mode solution.

    Main Methods:

    • Applying the time-diffraction technique to the paraxial approximation of the wave equation.
    • Utilizing Lorentz invariance to justify the technique.
    • Employing Bateman's conformal transformation for the scalar wave equation.

    More Related Videos

    Inducible LAP-tagged Stable Cell Lines for Investigating Protein Function, Spatiotemporal Localization and Protein Interaction Networks
    11:04

    Inducible LAP-tagged Stable Cell Lines for Investigating Protein Function, Spatiotemporal Localization and Protein Interaction Networks

    Published on: December 24, 2016

    10.2K
    Spatiotemporal Control of Protein Activity through Optogenetic Allosteric Regulation
    08:00

    Spatiotemporal Control of Protein Activity through Optogenetic Allosteric Regulation

    Published on: October 4, 2024

    1.1K

    Related Experiment Videos

    Last Updated: Jan 30, 2026

    Spatiotemporal Analysis of Cytokinetic Events in Fission Yeast
    11:19

    Spatiotemporal Analysis of Cytokinetic Events in Fission Yeast

    Published on: February 20, 2017

    7.7K
    Inducible LAP-tagged Stable Cell Lines for Investigating Protein Function, Spatiotemporal Localization and Protein Interaction Networks
    11:04

    Inducible LAP-tagged Stable Cell Lines for Investigating Protein Function, Spatiotemporal Localization and Protein Interaction Networks

    Published on: December 24, 2016

    10.2K
    Spatiotemporal Control of Protein Activity through Optogenetic Allosteric Regulation
    08:00

    Spatiotemporal Control of Protein Activity through Optogenetic Allosteric Regulation

    Published on: October 4, 2024

    1.1K

    Main Results:

    • Derivation of finite-energy subluminal, luminal, and superluminal Airy wave packets.
    • Discovery of a novel exact finite-energy luminal Airy splash mode solution.
    • Demonstration of the technique's applicability to various wave packet types.

    Conclusions:

    • The time-diffraction technique is a valid and powerful method for deriving complex wave packet solutions.
    • The study expands the understanding of Airy wave packets and introduces new solutions with potential applications in optics and physics.