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    Optimizing multilayer gratings on gold films enhances surface plasmon excitation. Key parameters like layer distance and grating width improve light coupling, boosting field intensity significantly compared to single-layer designs.

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    Area of Science:

    • Nanophotonics
    • Plasmonics
    • Optical Engineering

    Background:

    • Surface plasmons are crucial for light manipulation at the nanoscale.
    • Grating structures are employed to excite and enhance surface plasmon resonance.
    • Multilayer gratings offer potential for improved optical performance over single-layer designs.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate surface plasmon excitation in multilayer grating structures on gold thin films.
    • To examine the impact of structural parameters on surface plasmon coupling enhancement.
    • To provide design guidelines for optimizing multilayer grating performance.

    Main Methods:

    • Utilized the finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method for numerical simulations.
    • Analyzed the effects of grating layer distance and grating-to-film distance.
    • Investigated the influence of grating width on lower grating layers.

    Main Results:

    • Identified layer spacing and grating-to-film distance as critical for cavity resonances.
    • Determined that narrower gratings on lower layers enhance field intensity.
    • Simulations showed a 163% increase in maximum electric field intensity for five-layer gratings versus single-layer.

    Conclusions:

    • Multilayer gratings, with optimized design, outperform single-layer structures.
    • Cavity effects in multilayer gratings enhance light coupling into surface plasmons.
    • Proper structural design is key to achieving significant field enhancements for plasmonic applications.