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    Area of Science:

    • Optical Engineering
    • Signal Processing
    • Fiber Optic Sensing

    Background:

    • Coding techniques are established methods for improving signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) in optical time domain reflectometry (OTDR) without compromising spatial resolution.
    • Previous research focused on novel code construction, hybrid techniques, and applications in Raman OTDR and Brillouin optical time domain analysis.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To explore oversampling after photodetection as a novel dimension for enhancing coded OTDR systems.
    • To demonstrate that oversampling can further improve coding gain and SNR.
    • To investigate the use of photodetector bandwidth limitations for optimal sampling rate selection.

    Main Methods:

    • Investigated the impact of oversampling on the coding gain in correlation-coded OTDR systems.
    • Analyzed the relationship between photodetector bandwidth and optimal sampling rates for SNR enhancement.
    • Proposed a method to leverage oversampling for improved performance in existing OTDR instruments.

    Main Results:

    • Demonstrated that oversampling after photodetection provides a new avenue for improving coded OTDR performance.
    • Showcased significant coding gain enhancement by effectively harnessing oversampling.
    • Identified optimal sampling rates derived from photodetector bandwidth limitations for additional SNR gains.

    Conclusions:

    • Oversampling post-photodetection offers a new strategy for enhancing coded OTDR systems, complementing existing code-based approaches.
    • The findings suggest a straightforward and low-cost method to upgrade current correlation-coded OTDR instruments.
    • This principle is applicable to various OTDR-based distributed fiber sensing systems requiring substantial SNR improvements.