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Related Concept Videos

MicroRNAs01:22

MicroRNAs

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MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns—non-coding regions of a gene—or intergenic regions—stretches of DNA present between genes. Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After...
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MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns (non-coding regions of a gene) or intergenic regions (stretches of DNA present between genes). Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself, forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA...
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Understanding serum lipids is crucial for maintaining cardiovascular health and preventing heart disease and stroke.
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Dry Friction01:30

Dry Friction

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Dry friction occurs between two solid surfaces in contact as they attempt to move relative to one another. In daily life, dry friction is encountered in various forms, such as when walking on the ground, sliding an object across a table, or rubbing hands together. Despite its ubiquity, the underlying mechanisms behind dry friction are not readily visible.
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Drying Shrinkage01:21

Drying Shrinkage

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When hardened concrete is exposed to air with a relative humidity of less than 100 percent, it begins to lose the free water within its capillaries. As this water evaporates, the water initially adsorbed onto the calcium silicate hydrates migrates towards these now empty spaces and eventually evaporates as well. Over time, as more water leaves, the volume of the concrete decreases, a phenomenon known as drying shrinkage.
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Related Experiment Video

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Purification and microRNA Profiling of Exosomes Derived from Blood and Culture Media
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Purification and microRNA Profiling of Exosomes Derived from Blood and Culture Media

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MicroRNA profiling from dried blood samples.

Caroline Diener1, Valentina Galata2, Andreas Keller2

  • 1a Institute of Human Genetics, Medical Faculty , Saarland University , Homburg , Germany.

Critical Reviews in Clinical Laboratory Sciences
|January 31, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Dried blood spots (DBS) offer a promising, minimally invasive method for collecting microRNA (miRNA) biomarkers. Standardization of protocols is crucial for reliable analysis of these circulating biomarkers.

Keywords:
Dried bloodbiomarkerscapillary bloodexpression profilinghome samplingmiRNAsmicroRNAmicrosampling

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Area of Science:

  • Biomarker Discovery
  • Molecular Diagnostics
  • Pre-analytical Sample Handling

Background:

  • MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are valuable circulating biomarkers for disease detection.
  • Liquid biopsies face pre-analytical challenges affecting biomarker reliability.
  • Dried blood spots (DBS) offer a stable, minimally invasive alternative for sample collection.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current knowledge on microRNA analysis from DBS.
  • To highlight the advantages of DBS for decentralized and minimally invasive sample collection.
  • To identify challenges and areas for standardization in DBS-derived miRNA biomarker research.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of experimental studies on DBS-derived miRNAs.
  • Analysis of factors influencing miRNA stability and detection in DBS.
  • Comparison of different miRNA readout systems (PCR, NGS).

Main Results:

  • DBS are less sensitive to pre-analytical variables compared to liquid blood.
  • Adsorptive material, drying, and rehydration significantly impact miRNA yield and integrity.
  • Variability in readout systems hinders direct comparison of study findings.
  • DBS facilitate decentralized sample collection and are suitable for vulnerable populations.

Conclusions:

  • DBS represent a viable platform for miRNA biomarker analysis, offering advantages in sample collection and stability.
  • Standardization of DBS handling, processing, and miRNA analysis protocols is essential.
  • Development of general guidelines is needed to ensure the reliability and comparability of DBS-derived miRNA biomarker studies.