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JAK/STAT signaling in stem cells and regeneration: from Drosophila to vertebrates

Salvador C Herrera1, Erika A Bach2,3

  • 1Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA.

Development (Cambridge, England)
|January 31, 2019
PubMed

Insights

The Janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK/STAT) pathway regulates stem cells and tissue regeneration. This conserved signaling system controls proliferation, survival, and cell competition in various organisms.

Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Developmental Biology
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • The Janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK/STAT) pathway is a conserved signaling system in metazoans.
  • Primarily known for its role in immunity, JAK/STAT signaling also impacts stem cell homeostasis and tissue regeneration.
  • Recent studies highlight its function in germline and somatic stem cells and regenerative processes in tissues like the gonad, intestine, and appendages.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide an overview of JAK/STAT signaling in stem cells and regeneration.
  • To focus on the model organism *Drosophila* to elucidate conserved pathway functions.
  • To highlight JAK/STAT's role in proliferation, survival, and cell competition.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review and synthesis of existing research on JAK/STAT signaling.
  • Focus on studies utilizing *Drosophila* as a model system.
  • Comparative analysis of JAK/STAT pathway functions across species, including vertebrates.

Main Results:

  • JAK/STAT signaling is crucial for maintaining stem cell populations in various tissues.
  • The pathway regulates key cellular processes including proliferation, survival, and cell competition.
  • Functions observed in *Drosophila* demonstrate conservation with vertebrate systems.

Conclusions:

  • The JAK/STAT pathway plays a fundamental role in stem cell biology and tissue regeneration.
  • Conserved mechanisms of JAK/STAT signaling in proliferation, survival, and cell competition are evident between *Drosophila* and vertebrates.
  • Further research into JAK/STAT signaling can provide insights into regenerative medicine and disease.
Keywords:
Cell competitionCell reprogrammingCellular plasticityCytokinesDifferentiationDrosophilaEnterocytesGermline stem cellsInflammationIntestinal stem cellsIntestineNicheNiche competitionProliferationRegenerationSomatic stem cellsSurvivalTestisWing disc

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