Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Meristems and Plant Growth

Meristems and Plant Growth

Plants grow throughout their lives; this is called indeterminate growth, and it distinguishes plants from most animals. Although certain parts of plants stop growing (e.g., leaves and flowers), others grow continuously—like roots and stems.

Population Growth

Population Growth

Population size is dynamic, increasing with birth rates and immigration, and decreasing with death rates and emigration. In ideal conditions with unlimited resources, populations can increase exponentially, which plots as a J-shaped growth rate curve of population size against time. This type of curve is characteristic of newly-introduced invasive species, or populations that have suffered catastrophic declines and are rebounding.

Primary and Secondary Growth in Roots and Shoots

Primary and Secondary Growth in Roots and Shoots

Vascular plants, which account for over 90% of the Earth’s vegetation, all undergo primary growth—which lengthens roots and shoots. Many land plants, notably woody plants, also undergo secondary growth—which thickens roots and shoots.

Discharge Summary Forms

Discharge Summary Forms

The discharge summary is crucial as it enables a smooth transition from a healthcare facility to a patient's home or another care setting. This critical document facilitates seamless continuity of care, ensuring patients receive the necessary support and attention.
Here's a detailed look at the key components and guidelines for preparing a discharge summary:

Production of Formed Elements

Production of Formed Elements

Hemangioblasts are multipotent stem cells originating from the mesoderm. They give rise to hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), which undergo hematopoiesis to produce all the formed elements of blood. This process is regulated by a complex network of hematopoietic growth factors, including transcription factors, growth factors, and cytokines. These factors stimulate the HSCs to divide and differentiate, though some HSCs remain undifferentiated to maintain a self-renewing pool.
Most HSCs commit to...

Cartesian Form for Vector Formulation

Cartesian Form for Vector Formulation

The Cartesian form for vector formulation is a process to calculate the moment of force using the position and force vectors. The moment of force is defined as the cross-product of these vectors, making it a vector quantity. The Cartesian form of the position and force vectors involves unit vectors, which can be used to express the cross-product in determinant form.

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Methicillin treatment reveals that FtsZ phosphorylation influences the cell division of <i>Streptococcus pneumoniae</i>.

PNAS nexus·2026

Same author

Two temperature-dependent membrane fluidity regimes in gram-positive bacteria.

mSphere·2026

Same author

ATP-driven membrane binding and polymerization of bacterial actin MreB promotes local membrane fluidization.

Biophysical journal·2026

Same author

Comprehensive and Comparative Transcriptional Profiling of the Cell Wall Stress Response in Bacillus subtilis.

Molecular microbiology·2026

Same author

A toxin/antitoxin system targeting the replication sliding-clamp induces competence in Streptococcus pneumoniae.

PLoS genetics·2025

Same author

RagB stimulates the activity of the peptidoglycan polymerase RodA in Bacillus subtilis.

EMBO reports·2025

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 30, 2026

Prevention of Heat Stress Adverse Effects in Rats by Bacillus subtilis Strain

Prevention of Heat Stress Adverse Effects in Rats by Bacillus subtilis Strain

Published on: July 11, 2016

MreB Forms Subdiffraction Nanofilaments during Active Growth in Bacillus subtilis.

Cyrille Billaudeau¹, Zhizhong Yao¹, Charlène Cornilleau²

¹MICALIS, INRA, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, Jouy-en-Josas, France.

|January 31, 2019

Summary

MreB protein forms short nanofilaments during bacterial growth, not long ones as previously thought. Filament length does not affect bacterial cell wall synthesis dynamics.

Keywords:

MreB SIM TIRF cell shape cell wall cytoskeleton filament helix microscopy polymer protein localization superresolution

More Related Videos

Improvement of Bacillus subtilis Spore Enumeration and Label Analysis in Flow Cytometry

Improvement of Bacillus subtilis Spore Enumeration and Label Analysis in Flow Cytometry

Published on: June 30, 2023

Visualization of Germinosomes and the Inner Membrane in Bacillus subtilis Spores

Visualization of Germinosomes and the Inner Membrane in Bacillus subtilis Spores

Published on: April 15, 2019

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jan 30, 2026

Prevention of Heat Stress Adverse Effects in Rats by Bacillus subtilis Strain

Prevention of Heat Stress Adverse Effects in Rats by Bacillus subtilis Strain

Published on: July 11, 2016

Improvement of Bacillus subtilis Spore Enumeration and Label Analysis in Flow Cytometry

Improvement of Bacillus subtilis Spore Enumeration and Label Analysis in Flow Cytometry

Published on: June 30, 2023

Visualization of Germinosomes and the Inner Membrane in Bacillus subtilis Spores

Visualization of Germinosomes and the Inner Membrane in Bacillus subtilis Spores

Published on: April 15, 2019

Area of Science:

Bacterial cell shape and growth
Microbial cell envelope biogenesis

Background:

MreB protein is crucial for rod-shaped bacterial cell elongation and maintenance.
MreB dynamics and filament structures are debated, impacting models of cell wall synthesis.

Purpose of the Study:

To clarify the native structure and dynamics of MreB filaments in *Bacillus subtilis*.
To investigate the relationship between MreB filament length and bacterial growth dynamics.

Main Methods:

Analysis of MreB filament formation in various *Bacillus subtilis* strains.
Microscopy techniques to observe filament size, speed, and orientation during active growth.

Main Results:

MreB forms short, subdiffraction-limited nanofilaments (average <200 nm) during active growth.
Longer, micron-long filaments result from artificial protein overaccumulation.
Filament size does not impact their speed or orientation, showing high tolerance in *B. subtilis*.
Mobile filament density is constant across strains, irrespective of MreB levels.

Conclusions:

Native MreB filaments in *B. subtilis* are short, challenging models of long filament coordination.
Filament length does not directly influence cell wall synthesis rates or coordination of distant machineries.