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Environmental filtering of bacterial functional diversity along an aridity gradient
Ho-Kyung Song1, Yu Shi2, Teng Yang2
1Laboratory of Behavioral Ecology and Evolution, Department of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 151-742, South Korea.
Scientific Reports
|January 31, 2019
Summary
Soil bacterial metagenome functional diversity decreased with lower mean annual precipitation (MAP) on the Tibetan Plateau. Arid conditions favored genes for dormancy and osmoprotection, reducing biotic interactions.
Area of Science:
- Microbial Ecology
- Environmental Science
- Genomics
Background:
- Understanding community and ecosystem structuring principles requires studying variation along environmental gradients.
- Soil microbial communities play crucial roles in ecosystem functions.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate how soil bacterial metagenome composition and diversity change along a precipitation gradient.
- To identify specific functional gene adaptations to arid conditions.
Main Methods:
- Analysis of soil bacterial metagenomes across a precipitation gradient (60 mm to 500 mm mean annual precipitation) on the eastern Tibetan Plateau.
- Quantification of functional gene diversity and relative abundance of specific gene categories.
Main Results:
- Lower mean annual precipitation (MAP) was strongly correlated with reduced functional diversity of bacterial genes.
- Arid conditions showed an increased relative abundance of genes related to dormancy and osmoprotectants.
- Genes associated with antibiotic resistance and virulence decreased in relative abundance under more arid conditions.
Conclusions:
- Extreme aridity constrains the functional diversity of soil microbial communities.
- Adaptations to arid environments include enhanced dormancy and osmoprotection strategies.
- Reduced biotic interactions may occur in extremely arid soil ecosystems.
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