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Glucose Homeostasis: Regulation of Blood Glucose01:02

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The pancreatic islets comprising only 1%-2% of the volume are highly vascularized and innervated mini-organs. They contain five endocrine cell types, including β cells that secrete insulin, which is synthesized as a single polypeptide chain, preproinsulin, processed to proinsulin, and finally to insulin and C-peptide. This process is complex and regulated, involving the Golgi complex, the endoplasmic reticulum, and the secretory granules of the β cell.
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Using Caenorhabditis elegans as a Model System to Study Protein Homeostasis in a Multicellular Organism
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Sortilin in Glucose Homeostasis: From Accessory Protein to Key Player?

Nicolas Blondeau1, Sophie Béraud-Dufour1, Patricia Lebrun1

  • 1Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, UMR 7275, Université Côte d'Azur, Valbonne, France.

Frontiers in Pharmacology
|January 31, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Sortilin, a type I receptor, plays complex roles in the central nervous system and metabolic health. This review highlights its peripheral functions in regulating blood glucose, insulin signaling, and beta cell protection, particularly in diabetes.

Keywords:
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Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology and Metabolism
  • Neuroscience
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • Sortilin (neurotensin receptor-3) is a type I receptor with diverse roles in the central nervous system and periphery.
  • Its peripheral functions, especially in metabolic regulation, are less understood than its roles in neurotensin and pro-NGF signaling.
  • Understanding sortilin's peripheral actions is crucial for metabolic disease research.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent findings on sortilin-mediated molecular mechanisms regulating blood glucose homeostasis and insulin signaling.
  • To provide an overview of sortilin's roles in diabetes and other metabolic diseases.
  • To detail cellular pathways involved in sortilin's protective effects on beta cells and regulation of cell fate.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of recent research on sortilin's peripheral functions.
  • Analysis of molecular mechanisms in glucose and lipid homeostasis.
  • Examination of sortilin's role in beta cell protection and insulin secretion.

Main Results:

  • Sortilin is implicated in regulating blood glucose and lipid metabolism.
  • The receptor influences insulin signaling and exhibits protective effects on pancreatic beta cells.
  • Complexes involving sortilin and neurotensin receptors are key in regulating insulin secretion.

Conclusions:

  • Sortilin is a significant regulator of peripheral metabolic functions, including glucose homeostasis and insulin signaling.
  • Further research into sortilin's role in metabolic diseases like diabetes is warranted.
  • Investigating new effectors of the sortilin system in the endocrine system holds promise for future therapeutic strategies.