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Related Concept Videos

Psychodynamic Perspectives on Personality01:27

Psychodynamic Perspectives on Personality

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The psychodynamic perspective in psychology asserts that most personality functions operate unconsciously, outside of awareness. This means that the motives and emotions driving behavior often remain hidden, automatically buried in the unconscious mind as a defense mechanism to shield us from psychological distress. According to this theory, the unconscious mind contains thoughts, memories, and emotions that are too disturbing to face directly.
Psychodynamic theorists argue that unconscious...
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Social cognitive perspectives on personality emphasize the importance of conscious awareness, beliefs, expectations, and goals in shaping behavior. These perspectives incorporate behaviorist principles, such as learning through reinforcement and conditioning, but extend beyond them by highlighting human reasoning and planning. Unlike traditional behaviorist views, social cognitive theory focuses on how individuals reflect on their past experiences and plan for future outcomes by considering...
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In a study where individuals posing as strangers offered compliments and proposed casual sex to students, the responses differed significantly based on gender. Not a single woman accepted the proposal, while 70% of the men agreed. This outcome provides a useful scenario to explore through the lens of evolutionary psychology and social learning theory, highlighting the diverse perspectives on human sexual behaviors.
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The Behavioral Perspective on Personality01:19

The Behavioral Perspective on Personality

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Behaviorists view personality as primarily shaped by environmental reinforcements and consequences. According to this perspective, behavior is influenced by external stimuli, and individuals adjust their actions based on rewards and punishments. Over time, learning histories — accumulated patterns of reinforcement — play a significant role in shaping personality. Behaviors that lead to positive outcomes are reinforced, while those resulting in negative outcomes are diminished.
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Changes in Skin Color: Clinical Perspectives01:14

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The first thing a clinician sees is the skin, so the examination of the skin should be part of any thorough physical examination. Most skin disorders are relatively benign, but a few, including melanomas, can be fatal if untreated. A couple of the more noticeable disorders, albinism and vitiligo, affect the appearance of the skin and its accessory organs.
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Electrical Current01:10

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Electrical current is defined as the rate at which charge flows. When there is a large current present, such as that used to run a refrigerator, a large amount of charge moves through the wire in a small amount of time. If the current is small, such as that used to operate a handheld calculator, a small amount of charge moves through the circuit over a long period of time. The SI unit for current is the ampere (A), named for the French physicist André-Marie Ampère (1775–1836).
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A Spine Robotic-Assisted Navigation System for Pedicle Screw Placement
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Robot-assisted adrenalectomy: current perspectives.

Mrinal Pahwa1

  • 1Department of Urology and Renal Transplant, GRIPMER, Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, New Delhi, India, mrinal.pahwa@sgrh.com.

Robotic Surgery (Auckland)
|January 31, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Robotic adrenalectomy offers a safe and effective alternative to traditional laparoscopy for adrenal disorders, overcoming limitations like dexterity and camera dependence. It shows precision, especially in partial adrenalectomies for hereditary syndromes.

Keywords:
adrenal glandadrenalectomylaparoscopypheochromocytomarobotics

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Area of Science:

  • Minimally Invasive Surgery
  • Surgical Oncology
  • Endocrinology

Background:

  • Laparoscopic adrenalectomy is standard for benign adrenal disorders, offering benefits over open surgery.
  • Laparoscopic surgery has limitations including 2D vision and reliance on camera assistance.
  • Robotic surgery aims to enhance precision and overcome laparoscopic challenges.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current evidence on robot-assisted adrenalectomy effectiveness.
  • To define the current role of robotic surgery in managing adrenal disorders.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic review of existing literature on robotic adrenalectomy.
  • Analysis of safety, efficacy, and specific applications of robotic adrenalectomy.

Main Results:

  • Robotic adrenalectomy is established as safe and effective, comparable to conventional laparoscopy.
  • Robotic surgery demonstrates precision in partial adrenalectomies, particularly for hereditary adrenal syndromes.
  • Advances like single-port robotic surgery are expanding its indications.

Conclusions:

  • Robot-assisted adrenalectomy is a viable and effective option for adrenal disorder management.
  • Robotic surgery enhances precision and overcomes limitations of traditional laparoscopy.
  • Further research and adoption of robotic techniques are warranted.