Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 30, 2026

Classical Short-Delay Eyeblink Conditioning in One-Year-Old Children
07:36

Classical Short-Delay Eyeblink Conditioning in One-Year-Old Children

Published on: September 1, 2018

40.2K

Growth Pattern and Clinical Profile of Indian Children with Classical 21-Hydroxylase Deficiency Congenital Adrenal

H Meena1, Manisha Jana2, Vishwajeet Singh3

  • 1Department of Pediatrics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.

Indian Journal of Pediatrics
|January 31, 2019
PubMed

Insights

Growth in children with congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) is most affected during infancy and puberty. Testicular adrenal rest tumors are common in boys with CAH, requiring regular ultrasounds.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Endocrinology
  • Genetics and Genetic Diseases
  • Metabolic Disorders

Background:

  • Congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) is a group of inherited genetic disorders.
  • 21-hydroxylase deficiency is the most common form of CAH.
  • CAH affects growth and development, and can lead to complications like testicular adrenal rest tumors.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To prospectively assess growth parameters in children with 21-hydroxylase deficiency CAH.
  • To profile clinical data and evaluate testicular adrenal rest tumors in affected boys.

Main Methods:

  • Prospective follow-up of 81 children (aged 0-18 years) with CAH for 6 months to 2 years.
  • Data collection included anthropometry, biochemical parameters, bone age X-rays, and scrotal ultrasounds for testicular adrenal rest tumors in boys.
  • Children were categorized by CAH type (salt-wasting or simple virilizing).

Main Results:

  • Overall height SDS was -0.6, with greater compromise in infants, older children (>10 years), and those with salt-wasting CAH.
  • Short stature (31%) and reduced growth velocity (55.6%) were common.
  • Bone age advancement was seen in 46% of children.
  • Testicular adrenal rest tumors were detected in 23.8% of boys.

Conclusions:

  • Infancy and peri-pubertal periods are most vulnerable for growth compromise in pediatric CAH.
  • Diligent growth monitoring is crucial for children with CAH.
  • The high prevalence of testicular adrenal rest tumors necessitates annual ultrasounds in the follow-up protocol for boys with CAH.
Abstract

Keywords:
Bone ageCAHHeightHeight velocityTARTTesticular adrenal rest tumors

More Related Videos

Implantation of Total Artificial Heart in Congenital Heart Disease07:27

Implantation of Total Artificial Heart in Congenital Heart Disease

Published on: July 18, 2014

25.2K
A Novel Method: Super-selective Adrenal Venous Sampling06:08

A Novel Method: Super-selective Adrenal Venous Sampling

Published on: September 15, 2017

24.3K

Related Concept Videos

Oxygen Requirements and Growth Patterns01:29

Oxygen Requirements and Growth Patterns

Microorganisms exhibit diverse oxygen requirements and growth patterns driven by their metabolic strategies and environmental adaptations. Oxygen, while essential for many organisms, can also be toxic under certain conditions, shaping how microorganisms grow and survive.Oxygen Requirements of MicroorganismsMicroorganisms are classified based on their ability to use or tolerate oxygen:● Obligate aerobes like Mycobacterium tuberculosis need oxygen for energy production, as it serves as the...
1.4K
Classical Conditioning01:18

Classical Conditioning

Associative learning, a core principle in behavioral psychology, involves forming connections between events and facilitating learned responses. This concept is vividly illustrated by classical conditioning, a process extensively studied by the Russian physiologist Ivan Pavlov. Pavlov's pioneering research on dogs' digestive systems led to the discovery that behaviors can be learned through association, laying the groundwork for classical conditioning.
Ivan Pavlov observed that dogs...
2.2K
Anatomy of the Adrenal Glands01:17

Anatomy of the Adrenal Glands

The adrenal or supra-renal glands, situated above the kidneys and aligned with the twelfth rib, are paired pyramid-shaped structures crucial for the body's stress response. During stress, these glands secrete hormones vital for adaptive physiological reactions.
These glands possess a distinctive yellow tinge due to the stored cholesterol and fatty acids required for hormone synthesis. They are encased in a fibrous capsule and cushioned by fat.
The adrenal gland comprises two distinct...
4.8K
Adrenal Gland Disorders01:27

Adrenal Gland Disorders

Adrenal gland disorders manifest when the production of adrenal hormones deviates from the norm, resulting in either excessive or insufficient concentrations.
Adrenal insufficiency, characterized by insufficient cortisol and aldosterone production, leads to conditions like Addison's disease. This disorder, affecting the adrenal cortex, exhibits symptoms such as skin bronzing, dehydration, low blood pressure, fatigue, and weight loss. Congenital adrenal hyperplasia, a genetic ailment causing...
3.3K
Hormones of the Adrenal Glands01:31

Hormones of the Adrenal Glands

Adrenal hormones play a pivotal role in maintaining the body's electrolyte balance and orchestrating responses to stress, showcasing the intricate functions of the adrenal cortex and medulla.
The adrenal cortex, a powerhouse of hormone synthesis, generates over two dozen corticosteroid hormones. The zona glomerulosa produces mineralocorticoids, exemplified by aldosterone, influencing the electrolyte composition of body fluids. The synthesis of glucocorticoids such as cortisol and...
5.4K
Principles of Classical Conditioning01:23

Principles of Classical Conditioning

Classical conditioning, as described by Ivan Pavlov, is a foundational concept in associative learning, where a neutral stimulus becomes capable of eliciting a conditioned response through association with an unconditioned stimulus. The process of acquisition, where this learning occurs, and the subsequent phenomena of contiguity, contingency, generalization, discrimination, extinction, and spontaneous recovery are crucial for a comprehensive understanding of classical conditioning.
During the...
1.8K