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Highly variable vancomycin-resistant enterococci in the north-eastern part of the Czech Republic
V Oravcova1, M Kolar2, I Literak1,3
1Department of Biology and Wildlife Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Hygiene and Ecology, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, Brno, Czech Republic.
Letters in Applied Microbiology
|January 31, 2019
Summary
Vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) are a growing concern. This study analyzed VRE from the Czech Republic, detailing their antibiotic resistance, genetic makeup, and spread, offering insights into environmental dissemination pathways.
Area of Science:
- Microbiology
- Infectious Diseases
- Molecular Epidemiology
Background:
- Vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) represent a significant challenge in healthcare settings due to their increasing prevalence and resistance to critical antibiotics.
- Understanding the genetic diversity and resistance mechanisms of VRE is crucial for developing effective control strategies and preventing further spread.
Purpose of the Study:
- To conduct a comprehensive investigation of vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) isolates from diverse sources within a specific region of the Czech Republic.
- To characterize the antibiotic resistance profiles, genetic relatedness, and plasmid-borne genetic elements of the VRE isolates.
Main Methods:
- Selective isolation and identification of 121 VRE from 1464 samples.
- Molecular analysis including detection of specific resistance genes (vanA, erm(B), tet(M), etc.), multilocus sequence typing (MLST) for E. faecium, and identification of plasmid replicons and relaxases.
- Typing of transposon Tn1546.
Main Results:
- The study identified 119 Enterococcus faecium and 2 Enterococcus faecalis isolates, with all E. faecium strains exhibiting resistance to at least three antibiotic classes.
- Key resistance genes including vanA, erm(B), and tet(M) were detected, alongside various plasmid replicons and relaxases. Specific sequence types (STs) were assigned to E. faecium.
- The toxin-antitoxin system axe-txe was prevalent in hospital-acquired isolates, and Tn1546 types A and D were the most common.
Conclusions:
- This study provides the first extensive characterization of VRE from various sources in a defined area of the Czech Republic.
- The findings highlight the genetic diversity of VRE and identify specific genetic elements associated with resistance and dissemination.
- The results offer insights into the potential routes of vancomycin resistance spread through environmental, human, and animal reservoirs.
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