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Related Concept Videos

Nucleic acids02:43

Nucleic acids

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Nucleic acids are the most important macromolecules for the continuity of life. They carry the cell's genetic blueprint and carry instructions for its functioning.
DNA and RNA
The two main types of nucleic acids are deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and ribonucleic acid (RNA). DNA is the genetic material in all living organisms, ranging from single-celled bacteria to multicellular mammals. It is in the nucleus of eukaryotes and in the organelles, chloroplasts, and mitochondria. In prokaryotes,...
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Nucleic Acids02:43

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Nucleic acids are the most important macromolecules for the continuity of life. They carry the cell's genetic blueprint and carry instructions for its functioning.
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Polyprotic Acids03:38

Polyprotic Acids

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Acids are classified by the number of protons per molecule that they can give up in a reaction. Acids such as HCl, HNO3, and HCN that contain one ionizable hydrogen atom in each molecule are called monoprotic acids. Their reactions with water are:
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Amino acids03:42

Amino acids

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Amino acids are the monomers that comprise proteins. Each amino acid has the same fundamental structure, which consists of a central carbon atom, or the alpha (α) carbon, bonded to an amino group (NH2), a carboxyl group (COOH), and to a hydrogen atom. Every amino acid also has another atom or group of atoms bonded to the central atom known as the R group. There are 20 common amino acids present in proteins, each with a different R group. Variation in the amino acid sequence is responsible for...
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Mixtures of Acids03:27

Mixtures of Acids

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The pH of a solution containing an acid can be determined using its acid dissociation constant and its initial concentration. If a solution contains two different acids, then its pH can be determined using one of several methods depending upon the relative strength of the acids and their dissociation constants.
A Mixture of a Strong Acid and a Weak Acid
In a mixture of a strong acid and a weak acid, the strong acid dissociates completely and becomes a source of almost all the hydronium ions...
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Titration of a Polyprotic Acid02:08

Titration of a Polyprotic Acid

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A polyprotic acid contains more than one ionizable hydrogen and undergoes a stepwise ionization process.  If the acid dissociation constants of the ionizable protons differ sufficiently from each other, then the titration curve for such polyprotic acid generates a distinct equivalence point for each of its ionizable hydrogens. Therefore, titration of a diprotic acid results in the formation of two equivalence points, whereas the titration of a triprotic acid results in the formation of three...
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Kinetic Screening of Nuclease Activity using Nucleic Acid Probes
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Acid-Triggered, Acid-Generating, and Self-Amplifying Degradable Polymers.

Kali A Miller, Ephraim G Morado, Shampa R Samanta

    Journal of the American Chemical Society
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    PubMed
    Summary

    A new polymer design uses a cleavable unit that triggers rapid, acid-amplified degradation. This self-amplified degradable polymer technology offers controlled breakdown and agent release for advanced material applications.

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    Area of Science:

    • Polymer Chemistry
    • Materials Science
    • Organic Chemistry

    Background:

    • Acid-catalyzed hydrolysis is a common chemical reaction.
    • Controlled degradation of polymers is crucial for various applications.
    • Existing degradable polymers may lack tunable or amplified degradation rates.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To introduce a novel cleavable unit for polymer degradation.
    • To develop a new class of self-amplified degradable polymers.
    • To investigate the acid-catalyzed degradation mechanism and kinetics.

    Main Methods:

    • Synthesis of polymers incorporating the 3-iodopropyl acetal moiety.
    • Acid-catalyzed hydrolysis experiments to study degradation.
    • Kinetic analysis of the degradation process and rate amplification.

    Main Results:

    • The 3-iodopropyl acetal moiety effectively liberates HI and acrolein upon acid catalysis.
    • Polymers with this unit exhibit an acid-amplified, sigmoidal degradation profile.
    • The degradation rate is significantly accelerated, enabling trigger-responsive behavior.

    Conclusions:

    • The 3-iodopropyl acetal moiety provides a simple yet effective trigger for polymer degradation.
    • This new class of self-amplified degradable polymers demonstrates tunable and accelerated breakdown.
    • The findings open avenues for advanced materials with controlled degradation and release properties.