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Assessing Lower Extremity Lymphedema Using Upper and Lower Extremity Tissue Dielectric Constant Ratios: Method and

Harvey N Mayrovitz1

  • 1Department of Physiology, College of Medical Sciences, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, Florida.

Lymphatic Research and Biology
|January 31, 2019
PubMed
Summary

New research establishes normal tissue dielectric constant (TDC) ratios for lower extremity lymphedema assessment. A calf/forearm TDC ratio exceeding 1.35 may indicate lymphedema and track treatment progress.

Keywords:
lower extremity edemalower extremity lymphedemalymphedemalymphedema detectionlymphedema trackingtissue dielectric constant

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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Clinical Diagnostics
  • Medical Physics

Background:

  • Lower extremity swelling is common after gynecological surgery and with chronic venous dysfunction.
  • Current assessment methods for lymphedema are insufficient for early detection and tracking changes.
  • Novel, rapid assessment tools are needed for early lymphedema identification.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To establish normal reference values for lower to upper extremity intraside tissue dielectric constant (TDC) ratios.
  • To evaluate the utility of these TDC ratios for assessing lower extremity lymphedema risk.
  • To provide a comparative measure for individuals at risk of developing lower extremity lymphedema.

Main Methods:

  • Tissue dielectric constant (TDC) ratios (calf/forearm, foot/forearm) were measured in 44 young and 60 mature volunteers.
  • Participants were equally divided by gender, with measurements taken on dominant sides.
  • Lymphedema threshold ratios were calculated using mean ratios plus twice the standard deviation.

Main Results:

  • Calf/forearm and foot/forearm TDC ratios did not differ significantly between genders.
  • For mature volunteers, mean calf/forearm ratio was 1.013 ± 0.162 and foot/forearm was 1.050 ± 0.151.
  • Calculated lymphedema threshold ratios were 1.352 for calf/forearm and 1.337 for foot/forearm.

Conclusions:

  • A calf/forearm TDC ratio exceeding 1.35 is proposed as indicative of lower extremity lymphedema.
  • The calf/forearm TDC ratio may serve as a tool for monitoring temporal changes and treatment efficacy.
  • Further research is required to validate these thresholds in patient populations with lower extremity edema.