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Related Concept Videos

Common Ion Effect03:24

Common Ion Effect

46.4K
Compared with pure water, the solubility of an ionic compound is less in aqueous solutions containing a common ion (one also produced by dissolution of the ionic compound). This is an example of a phenomenon known as the common ion effect, which is a consequence of the law of mass action that may be explained using Le Châtelier’s principle. Consider the dissolution of silver iodide:
46.4K
Precipitation of Ions03:11

Precipitation of Ions

30.3K
Predicting Precipitation
The equation that describes the equilibrium between solid calcium carbonate and its solvated ions is:
30.3K
Ion Channels01:19

Ion Channels

91.4K
The movement of ions like sodium, potassium, and calcium into and out of the cell is essential to maintain the electrochemical gradient in living cells. The ion channels—a class of membrane transport proteins—help maintain this ionic gradient for the smooth functioning of physiological activities such as maintaining cell size and volume, conducting nerve impulses, and gas and nutrient exchange.
Ion channels are specialized integral membrane proteins on the plasma membrane that allow...
91.4K
Formation of Complex Ions03:45

Formation of Complex Ions

26.1K
A type of Lewis acid-base chemistry involves the formation of a complex ion (or a coordination complex) comprising a central atom, typically a transition metal cation, surrounded by ions or molecules called ligands. These ligands can be neutral molecules like H2O or NH3, or ions such as CN− or OH−. Often, the ligands act as Lewis bases, donating a pair of electrons to the central atom. These types of Lewis acid-base reactions are examples of a broad subdiscipline called coordination...
26.1K
Ions and Ionic Charges03:27

Ions and Ionic Charges

79.0K
In ordinary chemical reactions, the nucleus — which contains the protons and neutrons of each atom and thus identifies the element — remains unchanged. Electrons, however, can be added to atoms by transfer from other atoms, lost by transfer to other atoms, or shared with other atoms. The transfer and sharing of electrons among atoms govern the chemistry of the elements. During the formation of some compounds, atoms gain or lose electrons to form electrically charged particles called...
79.0K
Ions as Acids and Bases02:54

Ions as Acids and Bases

26.4K
Salts with Acidic Ions
Salts are ionic compounds composed of cations and anions, either of which may be capable of undergoing an acid or base ionization reaction with water. Aqueous salt solutions, therefore, may be acidic, basic, or neutral, depending on the relative acid-base strengths of the salt’s constituent ions. For example, dissolving the ammonium chloride in water results in its dissociation, as described by the equation:
26.4K

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Assembly, Tuning and Use of an Apertureless Near Field Infrared Microscope for Protein Imaging
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Imaging and Analytics on the Helium Ion Microscope.

Tom Wirtz1, Olivier De Castro1, Jean-Nicolas Audinot1

  • 1Advanced Instrumentation for Ion Nano-Analytics (AINA), MRT Department, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology (LIST), L-4422 Belvaux, Luxembourg;

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|January 31, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The helium ion microscope (HIM) offers advanced nanoscale imaging and analytics. New methods enhance its capabilities for detailed material analysis and elemental mapping with high resolution.

Keywords:
HIMSIMScorrelative microscopyhelium ion microscopyhigh-resolution imagingnano-analyticssecondary electronssecondary ion mass spectrometry

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Area of Science:

  • Nanotechnology
  • Materials Science
  • Microscopy

Background:

  • The helium ion microscope (HIM) is a powerful tool for nanoscale patterning, imaging, and analytics.
  • There is a growing need for advanced analytical techniques at the nanoscale to characterize materials.
  • Secondary electron imaging provides high-resolution, high-contrast imaging of insulating samples.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review secondary electron imaging techniques on the HIM.
  • To discuss methodologies and hardware for conferring analytical capabilities to the HIM.
  • To highlight the potential of HIM for advanced nanoscale analysis.

Main Methods:

  • Secondary electron imaging with resolutions down to 0.5 nm.
  • Analytical methods including secondary electron hyperspectral imaging (SEHI), scanning transmission ion microscopy (STIM), backscattering spectrometry, and secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS).
  • Development of a dedicated SIMS system for HIM, enabling elemental and isotopic detection.

Main Results:

  • Secondary electron imaging achieves high contrast, high depth of field, and direct imaging of insulating samples.
  • The integrated SIMS system allows detection of all elements, isotope differentiation, and trace element analysis.
  • SIMS on HIM provides mass spectra, depth profiles, and 2D/3D images with lateral resolutions down to 10 nm.

Conclusions:

  • The HIM, augmented with advanced analytical techniques like SIMS, is a versatile platform for nanoscale characterization.
  • These advancements enable detailed elemental and isotopic analysis with high spatial resolution.
  • The HIM is poised to become a key instrument for nanoscale analytics across various scientific disciplines.