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Separation Phenomena in Tailored Micro- and Nanofluidic Environments.

Mukul Sonker1,2, Daihyun Kim1,2, Ana Egatz-Gomez1,2

  • 1School of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, USA;

Annual Review of Analytical Chemistry (Palo Alto, Calif.)
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Microfluidic devices offer advanced methods for separating complex biological samples. These innovative techniques enable precise isolation of biomarkers for enhanced biomolecular analysis.

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Area of Science:

  • Biotechnology
  • Analytical Chemistry
  • Microfluidics

Background:

  • Separating bioanalytes from complex matrices like body fluids and tissues is challenging.
  • The field continuously seeks advanced methods for biomarker separation and biospecimen fractionation.
  • Microfabrication enables the creation of micro- and nanofluidic environments for novel separation strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review unique separation applications in tailored micro- and nanofluidic environments.
  • To highlight recent advances in bioanalyte separation technologies.
  • To showcase the potential of microfluidics in biomolecular analysis.

Main Methods:

  • Exploiting micro- and nanofluidic environments for tailored interactions and dynamics of biological species.
  • Utilizing electrokinetic methods like dielectrophoresis and electrophoresis.
  • Implementing nonintuitive separation mechanisms such as deterministic lateral displacement and entropic forces.

Main Results:

  • Demonstrated unique separation applications in tailored micro- and nanofluidic systems.
  • Showcased the effectiveness of various microfluidic-based separation techniques.
  • Highlighted the versatility of microfluidics for bioanalyte fractionation.

Conclusions:

  • Tailored micro- and nanofluidic environments provide powerful platforms for bioanalyte separation.
  • Advances in microfabrication facilitate novel and effective separation mechanisms.
  • These methods are crucial for the interrogation of biomolecular content in complex biospecimens.