Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Cell Specific Gene Expression01:58

Cell Specific Gene Expression

16.5K
Multicellular organisms contain a variety of structurally and functionally distinct cell types, but the DNA in all the cells originated from the same parent cells. The differences in the cells can be attributed to the differential gene expression. Liver cells, whose functions include detoxification of blood, production of bile to metabolize fats, and synthesis of proteins essential for metabolism, must express a specific set of genes to perform their functions. Gene expression also varies with...
16.5K
Cell Specific Gene Expression01:58

Cell Specific Gene Expression

5.6K
5.6K
Types of RNA01:23

Types of RNA

72.8K
Overview
Three main types of RNA are involved in protein synthesis: messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). These RNAs perform diverse functions and can be broadly classified as protein-coding or non-coding RNA. Non-coding RNAs play important roles in the regulation of gene expression in response to developmental and environmental changes. Non-coding RNAs in prokaryotes can be manipulated to develop more effective antibacterial drugs for human or animal use.
RNA...
72.8K
T Cell Types and Functions01:24

T Cell Types and Functions

2.4K
When T cells with CD4 markers are activated, they give rise to two types of effector cells: helper T cells and regulatory T cells. Meanwhile, T cells with CD8 markers differentiate into effector cytotoxic T cells. The differentiation of CD4 T cells into helper T cell subsets, such as Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells, is dependent on the antigen type, antigen-presenting cell, and regulatory cytokines.
Th1 cells stimulate dendritic cells to express necessary co-stimulatory molecules on their surfaces for...
2.4K
Chemotaxis and Direction of Cell Migration01:21

Chemotaxis and Direction of Cell Migration

4.6K
Cells can detect chemical cues in their environment and reorganize the cytoskeleton to migrate toward them or away from them. This directional migration, called chemotaxis, is essential during embryogenesis and development, immune response, tissue repair and regeneration, and reproduction. These chemical cues can either attract or repel the cell's movement. For example, axon development is determined by a combination of chemoattractants and chemorepellents that direct the growing axon...
4.6K
Multi-input and Multi-variable systems01:22

Multi-input and Multi-variable systems

413
Cruise control systems in cars are designed as multi-input systems to maintain a driver's desired speed while compensating for external disturbances such as changes in terrain. The block diagram for a cruise control system typically includes two main inputs: the desired speed set by the driver and any external disturbances, such as the incline of the road. By adjusting the engine throttle, the system maintains the vehicle's speed as close to the desired value as possible.
In the absence of...
413

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Collagen Xerogel Thread Associated With Reduced Inflammatory and Fibrotic Histological Changes During Early Urethral Wound Healing in Rats.

Cureus·2026
Same author

Intraperitoneal Urine Exposure Does Not Elicit Peritoneal Inflammation or Gastrointestinal Dysmotility: A Histopathological and Functional Study in Rats.

International journal of urology : official journal of the Japanese Urological Association·2026
Same author

Microfluidic platforms for probing spontaneous functional recovery in hierarchically modular neuronal networks.

Communications engineering·2026
Same author

Topographic structure and function of locus coeruleus norepinephrine neurons.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026
Same author

Pemafibrate therapy increases serum zinc levels in patients with metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis: a prospective study.

BMC gastroenterology·2026
Same author

System identification and surrogate data analyses imply approximate Gaussianity and non-stationarity of resting-brain dynamics.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 30, 2026

Visualization of Thalamocortical Axon Branching and Synapse Formation in Organotypic Cocultures
06:16

Visualization of Thalamocortical Axon Branching and Synapse Formation in Organotypic Cocultures

Published on: March 28, 2018

6.9K

Cell-Type-Specific Thalamocortical Inputs Constrain Direction Map Formation in Visual Cortex.

Megumi Nishiyama1, Teppei Matsui2, Tomonari Murakami2

  • 1Department of Molecular Physiology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.

Cell Reports
|January 31, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Investigating how visual information transforms from the lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) to the visual cortex, this study reveals that specific LGN cell types constrain the development of motion direction selectivity in the cat visual cortex.

Keywords:
brain mappingdirection selectivityfunctional columnsin vivo two-photon imagingthalamocortical circuitthalamusvisual cortex

More Related Videos

Mapping Cortical Dynamics Using Simultaneous MEG/EEG and Anatomically-constrained Minimum-norm Estimates: an Auditory Attention Example
08:45

Mapping Cortical Dynamics Using Simultaneous MEG/EEG and Anatomically-constrained Minimum-norm Estimates: an Auditory Attention Example

Published on: October 24, 2012

15.2K
Transcription Start Site Mapping Using Super-low Input Carrier-CAGE
06:59

Transcription Start Site Mapping Using Super-low Input Carrier-CAGE

Published on: June 26, 2019

12.5K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jan 30, 2026

Visualization of Thalamocortical Axon Branching and Synapse Formation in Organotypic Cocultures
06:16

Visualization of Thalamocortical Axon Branching and Synapse Formation in Organotypic Cocultures

Published on: March 28, 2018

6.9K
Mapping Cortical Dynamics Using Simultaneous MEG/EEG and Anatomically-constrained Minimum-norm Estimates: an Auditory Attention Example
08:45

Mapping Cortical Dynamics Using Simultaneous MEG/EEG and Anatomically-constrained Minimum-norm Estimates: an Auditory Attention Example

Published on: October 24, 2012

15.2K
Transcription Start Site Mapping Using Super-low Input Carrier-CAGE
06:59

Transcription Start Site Mapping Using Super-low Input Carrier-CAGE

Published on: June 26, 2019

12.5K

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Visual processing
  • Cortical circuits

Background:

  • Understanding the link between cognitive functions and neuronal circuits is crucial.
  • The lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) transmits visual information via distinct cell types.
  • Neurons in the primary visual cortex (area 17) develop direction selectivity, unlike LGN cells.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate how cell-type-specific inputs from the LGN influence the formation of direction selectivity in area 17.
  • To determine the role of LGN cell types in the de novo emergence of direction selectivity in the visual cortex.

Main Methods:

  • In vivo two-photon calcium imaging in cat area 17.
  • Analysis of neuronal activity in different cortical compartments receiving specific LGN inputs.

Main Results:

  • Direction selectivity in area 17 exhibits a fragmented organization within small cortical domains.
  • Direction-selective domains are preferentially located in compartments receiving Y and W cell inputs from the LGN.
  • These inputs carry low spatial frequency visual information.

Conclusions:

  • Cell-type-specific thalamocortical projections play a critical role in constraining the formation of direction selectivity.
  • The organization of direction selectivity in the visual cortex is shaped by the specific properties of LGN inputs.