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Expanded Host Range Testing for Verticillium nonalfalfae: Potential Biocontrol Agent Against the Invasive Ailanthus
M T Kasson1, E S O'Neal1, D D Davis1
1Department of Plant Pathology and Environmental Microbiology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park 16802.
Verticillium nonalfalfae shows promise as a biocontrol for invasive tree of heaven (Ailanthus altissima). Most non-target species were unaffected, suggesting safe use for managing this invasive plant.
Area of Science:
- Plant Pathology
- Biological Control
- Forestry
Background:
- Ailanthus altissima is a highly invasive tree species in the eastern United States.
- Verticillium nonalfalfae, a naturally occurring fungus, is being explored as a biocontrol agent against A. altissima.
Purpose of the Study:
- To assess the susceptibility of 71 non-target woody species to Verticillium nonalfalfae.
- To evaluate the host range and efficacy of V. nonalfalfae as a biocontrol for A. altissima.
Main Methods:
- Field studies monitoring natural spread of V. nonalfalfae from infected A. altissima.
- Stem inoculation trials on 71 non-target woody species and 78 A. altissima seed sources.
- Reisolation of V. nonalfalfae and symptom assessment (wilt, vascular discoloration) for up to 6 years.
Main Results:
- In field trials, only devil's walkingstick and striped maple acquired infections from natural spread.
- Stem inoculations caused wilt and mortality in 10 non-target species, with some recovery observed.
- Vascular discoloration occurred in 37 species, with V. nonalfalfae reisolated from 3 asymptomatic species, indicating tolerance.
Conclusions:
- Verticillium nonalfalfae appears generally host-adapted to Ailanthus altissima, with all tested A. altissima sources susceptible.
- The fungus shows potential as a biocontrol agent for invasive A. altissima with a limited impact on most non-target species.
- Further dissemination of V. nonalfalfae is supported for managing A. altissima invasions.
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