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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 30, 2026

Pupillary Response as Assessment of Effective Seizure Induction by Electroconvulsive Therapy
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Geographical access to electroconvulsive therapy services in Texas.

Yezhe Lin1, Joshua Tootoo2, Melissa K Allen3

  • 1Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Harris County Psychiatric Center, The University of Texas Health Science Center McGovern Medical School, Houston, Tx, United States; Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.

Journal of Affective Disorders
|February 1, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT) services are geographically accessible in Texas, with most of the population within a one-hour drive. Further research is needed to understand other barriers to ECT use.

Keywords:
ECT servicesGeographical accessibilityTexas

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Area of Science:

  • Medical Geography
  • Public Health Access
  • Mental Healthcare Services

Background:

  • Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT) is an effective mood disorder treatment.
  • ECT utilization in Texas is lower than the national average.
  • Geographical accessibility of ECT services in Texas requires investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the geographical accessibility of Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT) services in Texas.
  • To assess the population coverage within a 1-hour drive time of ECT centers.

Main Methods:

  • Georeferenced 22 ECT centers from the 2016 Texas ECT report.
  • Utilized Esri's StreetMap Premium Network for 1-hour drive time analysis.
  • Estimated population coverage using 2015 US Census Bureau American Community Survey (ACS) data.

Main Results:

  • Approximately 75% of the total Texas population can reach an ECT service within a 1-hour drive.
  • 68% of the population below the poverty level also have access within a 1-hour drive time.
  • ECT services demonstrate broad geographical reach across Texas.

Conclusions:

  • Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT) services are geographically accessible in Texas.
  • The low utilization of ECT in Texas may be influenced by factors beyond geographical access.
  • Further studies should investigate non-geographical barriers to ECT treatment.