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Phage Reduce Stability for Regaining Infectivity during Antagonistic Coevolution with Host Bacterium.

Yihui Yuan1,2, Qin Peng3, Shaowen Zhang4

  • 1State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China. yuanyh@hainu.edu.cn.

Viruses
|February 1, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Bacterial resistance to phage infection involves mutations in flagellum and cell wall proteins. Phages regain infectivity through synergistic mutations in baseplate proteins, a "dying to survive" strategy.

Keywords:
bacteriophagebaseplatecoevolutionflagellumsynergism mutation

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Evolutionary Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Phage-host bacterium coevolution is crucial for microbial community dynamics but poorly understood.
  • Analyzing phage-bacterium interactions reveals mechanisms of resistance and infectivity.
  • Previous studies lacked detailed analysis of first-generation resistance and infectivity mutations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate coevolution mechanisms between Bacillus phage vB_BthS_BMBphi and its host.
  • To identify genetic mutations conferring phage resistance in bacteria.
  • To investigate mutations enabling phage infectivity regain in resistant hosts.

Main Methods:

  • Comparative genomic analysis of phage-resistant bacterial mutants.
  • Identification of mutations in phage tail baseplate proteins.
  • Polymorphism analysis of wild-type phage nucleotides.
  • Assessment of phage infectivity and storage stability.

Main Results:

  • Phage-resistant mutants exhibited conserved mutations, including deletion in FlhA (flagellum protein) and DltC (cell wall polysaccharide protein).
  • Regained-infectivity phage mutants had synergistic single-nucleotide mutations in three baseplate-associated tail proteins.
  • These synergistic mutations were pre-existing polymorphisms in the wild-type phage.
  • Wild-type phage could not infect resistant mutants, suggesting synchronized mutations are key for infectivity regain.

Conclusions:

  • Synergistic mutations in three phage baseplate proteins are essential for regaining infectivity.
  • Phages employ a "dying to survive" strategy, trading storage stability and infectivity for species continuation.
  • This study provides novel insights into the genetic basis of phage-host coevolutionary dynamics.