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Updated: Jan 30, 2026

Fabrication of Three-dimensional Paper-based Microfluidic Devices for Immunoassays
Published on: March 9, 2017
Designing Paper-Based Immunoassays for Biomedical Applications
Delyan R Hristov1, Cristina Rodriguez-Quijada2, Jose Gomez-Marquez3
1Department of Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Boston, MA 02125, USA. Delyan.Hristov@umb.edu.
Abstract:
Paper-based sensors and assays have been highly attractive for numerous biological applications, including rapid diagnostics and assays for disease detection, food safety, and clinical care. In particular, the paper immunoassay has helped drive many applications in global health due to its low cost and simplicity of operation. This review is aimed at examining the fundamentals of the technology, as well as different implementations of paper-based assays and discuss novel strategies for improving their sensitivity, performance, or enabling new capabilities. These innovations can be categorized into using unique nanoparticle materials and structures for detection via different techniques, novel biological species for recognizing biomarkers, or innovative device design and/or architecture.
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