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Related Concept Videos

PCR01:32

PCR

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Overview
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Reliability and Validity01:29

Reliability and Validity

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Reliability and validity are two important considerations that must be made with any type of data collection. Reliability refers to the ability to consistently produce a given result. In the context of psychological research, this would mean that any instruments or tools used to collect data do so in consistent, reproducible ways.
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Internal Energy02:00

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The total of all possible kinds of energy present in a substance is called the internal energy (U), sometimes symbolized as E. Suppose a system with initial internal energy, Uinitial, undergoes a change in energy (transfer of work or heat), and the final internal energy of the system is Ufinal. Change in internal energy equals the difference between Ufinal and Uinitial.
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Internal Energy01:29

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The internal energy of a thermodynamic system is the sum of the kinetic and potential energies of all the molecules or entities in the system. The kinetic energy of an individual molecule includes contributions due to its rotation and vibration, as well as its translational energy. The potential energy is associated only with the interactions between one molecule and the other molecules of the system. Neither the system's location nor its motion is of any consequence as far as the internal...
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Internal Receptors01:31

Internal Receptors

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Many cellular signals are hydrophilic and therefore cannot pass through the plasma membrane. However, small or hydrophobic signaling molecules can cross the hydrophobic core of the plasma membrane and bind to internal, or intracellular, receptors that reside within the cell. Many mammalian steroid hormones use this mechanism of cell signaling, as does nitric oxide (NO) gas.
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Data Validation01:15

Data Validation

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Method validation is a crucial process in analytical chemistry designed to confirm that a given method consistently produces reliable and high-quality results. This process is essential when a method is applied to different sample matrices or when procedural modifications are made, ensuring that the results meet acceptable standards across various applications.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 30, 2026

Creation of a Dense Transposon Insertion Library Using Bacterial Conjugation in Enterobacterial Strains Such As Escherichia Coli or Shigella flexneri
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Creation of a Dense Transposon Insertion Library Using Bacterial Conjugation in Enterobacterial Strains Such As Escherichia Coli or Shigella flexneri

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PCR-Based Method for Shigella flexneri Serotyping: International Multicenter Validation.

Silvina P Brengi1, Qiangzheng Sun2, Hilda Bolaños3

  • 1Servicio Enterobacterias, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Infecciosas, INEI-ANLIS "Carlos G. Malbrán," Buenos Aires, Argentina.

Journal of Clinical Microbiology
|February 1, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

A new multiplex PCR method offers a robust and efficient way to molecularly serotype Shigella flexneri, improving global surveillance of diarrheal disease. This validated technique overcomes limitations of traditional serology, enabling faster and more accessible diagnostics.

Keywords:
PCRShigella flexnerimolecular serotypingmulticenter validationserotypes

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Infectious Diseases

Background:

  • Shigella spp. cause significant global diarrheal disease, with Shigella flexneri being prevalent in developing nations.
  • Accurate serotyping of Shigella flexneri is crucial for epidemiological surveillance and control efforts.
  • Traditional serological typing methods face challenges including antiserum availability and throughput.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To perform a multicenter validation of a previously developed multiplex-PCR strategy for molecular serotyping of Shigella flexneri.
  • To assess the robustness, reliability, and advantages of the PCR-based method compared to traditional serology.

Main Methods:

  • Seven international laboratories participated in a blinded validation using 71 Shigella flexneri strains.
  • An additional 279 local strains were tested to evaluate real-world applicability.
  • Interrater reliability (IRR) was calculated to measure agreement among laboratories for the PCR test.

Main Results:

  • The multiplex-PCR strategy demonstrated high interrater reliability, indicating a robust and reproducible method.
  • Agreement with traditional serology was high for 14 out of 19 serotypes; discrepancies in 5 serotypes were attributed to genetic events.
  • The PCR method showed significant advantages, including ease of implementation, reduced time, and overcoming antiserum limitations.

Conclusions:

  • The validated multiplex-PCR method is a reliable and advantageous tool for molecular serotyping of Shigella flexneri.
  • This molecular approach offers a practical alternative to traditional serology, enhancing global laboratory-based surveillance.
  • Adoption of this PCR method is recommended for accurate diagnosis and characterization of Shigella flexneri.